心理学报
心理學報
심이학보
Acta Psychologica Sinica
2006年
5期
743~750
,共null页
周宗奎 赵冬梅 孙晓军 定险峰
週宗奎 趙鼕梅 孫曉軍 定險峰
주종규 조동매 손효군 정험봉
同伴交往 孤独感 交叉滞后回归
同伴交往 孤獨感 交扠滯後迴歸
동반교왕 고독감 교차체후회귀
Children's experiences with peers, loneliness, cross -lagged regression design.
用提名法和问卷法对小学3、4年级274名儿童进行两年追踪调查,采用交叉滞后设计,考察了同伴交往4个特征水平上的变量与孤独感的相互预测关系。结果发现:(1)自我报告的同伴交往变量——友谊质量和社交自我知觉与孤独感之间的交叉滞后效应显著;而同伴评定的同伴交往变量——积极提名、消极提名、受同伴欺负、消极退缩与孤独感之间的交叉滞后效应不显著;另外,前测的互选朋友数能显著负向预测后测的孤独感,前测的孤独感不能显著预测后测的互选朋友数。(2)在排除了早期其它变量的效应之后,积极提名分、消极提名分、受同伴欺负得分、消极退缩得分、互选朋友数在两年之间仍然呈现出高度的稳定性;友谊质量和社交自我知觉以及孤独感则表现出中等程度的稳定性。
用提名法和問捲法對小學3、4年級274名兒童進行兩年追蹤調查,採用交扠滯後設計,攷察瞭同伴交往4箇特徵水平上的變量與孤獨感的相互預測關繫。結果髮現:(1)自我報告的同伴交往變量——友誼質量和社交自我知覺與孤獨感之間的交扠滯後效應顯著;而同伴評定的同伴交往變量——積極提名、消極提名、受同伴欺負、消極退縮與孤獨感之間的交扠滯後效應不顯著;另外,前測的互選朋友數能顯著負嚮預測後測的孤獨感,前測的孤獨感不能顯著預測後測的互選朋友數。(2)在排除瞭早期其它變量的效應之後,積極提名分、消極提名分、受同伴欺負得分、消極退縮得分、互選朋友數在兩年之間仍然呈現齣高度的穩定性;友誼質量和社交自我知覺以及孤獨感則錶現齣中等程度的穩定性。
용제명법화문권법대소학3、4년급274명인동진행량년추종조사,채용교차체후설계,고찰료동반교왕4개특정수평상적변량여고독감적상호예측관계。결과발현:(1)자아보고적동반교왕변량——우의질량화사교자아지각여고독감지간적교차체후효응현저;이동반평정적동반교왕변량——적겁제명、소겁제명、수동반기부、소겁퇴축여고독감지간적교차체후효응불현저;령외,전측적호선붕우수능현저부향예측후측적고독감,전측적고독감불능현저예측후측적호선붕우수。(2)재배제료조기기타변량적효응지후,적겁제명분、소겁제명분、수동반기부득분、소겁퇴축득분、호선붕우수재량년지간잉연정현출고도적은정성;우의질량화사교자아지각이급고독감칙표현출중등정도적은정성。
Evidences from researches on both primates and human supported the hypothesis that problems in early peer relationship could lead to subsequent psychosocial maladjustments, including externalizing and internalizing problems ( such as feelings of loneliness and depression ). While children's experiences with peers can be best understood by referring to several levels of social complexity : within individuals, within interactions, within relationships, and within groups. Previous researches had revealed that loneliness was associated with a variety of peer variables at each of the four levels. Most existing researches had focused on the influences of peer variables on loneliness. Less examined was the impact of loneliness on peer variables. The present study was designed to explore the interaction between loneliness and peer variables using a 2 - year longitudinal design.
This study examined 274 children from Grade 3 to Grade 4 in 2002 and 2004. This study used the measures auch as the Perceived Competence Scale for Children, the Revised Class Play, Friendship Nomination and Friendship quality Questionnaire, Sociometric Nominations, and Children's Loneliness Scale to assess self-perceived social competence, social withdraw and peer victimization scores, mutual friends number and best friendship quality, positive nomination and negative nomination, and loneliness score, respectively.
Cross- lagged regression analysis was conducted to examine the mutual predicative relations between loneliness and peer variables within each of the four levels. The results indicated that ( 1 ) there is a mutually predictive relations between peer variables and loneliness during the two -year interval such that (a) at the group level, after controlling other variables at Time 1, no significant cross - lagged effects were found between " liked most" nomination, " like least" nomina- tion, and loneliness; (b) at the relationship level, after controlling other variables at Time 1, there was a significant cross -lagged effect between friendship quality and loneliness, suggesting that early friendship quality significantly predicted loneliness two years later, and early loneliness also significantly predicted friendship quality two years later; additionally,number of early mutual friends significantly predicted loneliness two years later, whereas early loneliness didn't predict number of mutual friends two years later; (c) at the interaction level, after controlling other variables at Time 1, no significant cross -lagged effect was found between passive withdraw, peer victimization, and loneliness; (d) at the individual level, after controlling other variables at Time 1, there was a significant cross - lagged effect of self - perceived social competence on loneliness and vice versa, indicating that early self - perceived social competence significantly predicted loneliness two years later, and early loneliness also significantly predicted self - perceived social competence two years later. (2) With respect to the stability of peer variables and loneliness during the 2 - yealr interval, the "like most" nomination, "like least" nomination, peer victimization, passive withdraw and number of mutual friends were highly stable, while best friendship quality, self - perceived social competence, and loneliness showed moderate stabilitie.
Conclusions : Forst, mutual predictive relation between self - reported peer variables and loneliness were more stronger than that between peer - rated peer variables and loneliness. Second, the peer - rated variables ( i. e. , "like most" nomination, "like least" nomination, peer victimization, passive withdraw and mutual friends number) were more stable than those of self- reported variables (i. e. , friendship quality, self - perceived social competence and loneliness). Third, once the characters of peer variables merged, they would show continued stability.