CAJ | 학술논문

康德试图提供的道德的先验演绎，成为一个持续争论的主题。这暗示康德关于道德辩护思想的一个重大反转，有必要对康德的论证进行重构。尽管对互惠论题的重构不等于对康德“先验演绎”的完备辩护，它却是康德进行道德辩护所必需的第一步。没有先验自由的预设，也就只是假设实践自由，基于自我利益、幸福或一些一般认为基本的而非道德目的或诱导理由的准则，通过诉诸于“人性”或一些给定的行为的决定因素来证明。而先验自由的预设不仅堵塞了特定类型的证明，它还把这一要求扩展到第一原则或根本准则。
강덕시도제공적도덕적선험연역，성위일개지속쟁론적주제。저암시강덕관우도덕변호사상적일개중대반전，유필요대강덕적론증진행중구。진관대호혜론제적중구불등우대강덕“선험연역”적완비변호，타각시강덕진행도덕변호소필수적제일보。몰유선험자유적예설，야취지시가설실천자유，기우자아이익、행복혹일사일반인위기본적이비도덕목적혹유도이유적준칙，통과소제우“인성”혹일사급정적행위적결정인소래증명。이선험자유적예설불부도새료특정류형적증명，타환파저일요구확전도제일원칙혹근본준칙。
The attempt made by Kant to provide a transcendental deduction of morals in his Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals has been a continually controversial topic. This suggests a significant reversal of Kant＇ s thought regarding the justification of morality. It is necessary, therefore, to reconstruct Kant＇s argtmaent. Although a reconstruction of the Reciprocity Thesis doe not amount to a complete defense of the Kantian ＂deduction＂, it is a necessary first stage in Kantian justification of morality. Without the presupposition of transcendental freedom, that is, assuming practical freedom, a maxim based on selfinterest, happiness, or some such putatively ultimate yet non - moral end or motivational ground can be justified by an appeal to ＂human nature＂ or some given determinant of behavior. In fact, the presupposition of transcendental freedom not only bloeks certain kinds of justification, it also extends this requirement to first principles or fundamental maxims.