语言科学
語言科學
어언과학
Linguistic Sciences
2006年
5期
22~30
,共null页
“背” “负” 历时替换 内在动因
“揹” “負” 歷時替換 內在動因
“배” “부” 력시체환 내재동인
＂bei fu＂ diachronic replacement internal motivation
汉语史上，表示“用脊背驮”义的词先后用“负”和“背”，二者存在历时替换关系。“背”始见于中晚唐并经过宋代进一步发展达到成熟。至迟到元末，“背”已在口语中全面替换“负”成为“背负语义场”的核心词。随着词义的不断发展，“负”在表达本义上缺乏足够的明晰性，同时，其词义重心逐渐偏移，这些因素都为新词的产生并在这一义位上取而代之提供了条件。
漢語史上，錶示“用脊揹馱”義的詞先後用“負”和“揹”，二者存在歷時替換關繫。“揹”始見于中晚唐併經過宋代進一步髮展達到成熟。至遲到元末，“揹”已在口語中全麵替換“負”成為“揹負語義場”的覈心詞。隨著詞義的不斷髮展，“負”在錶達本義上缺乏足夠的明晰性，同時，其詞義重心逐漸偏移，這些因素都為新詞的產生併在這一義位上取而代之提供瞭條件。
한어사상，표시“용척배타”의적사선후용“부”화“배”，이자존재력시체환관계。“배”시견우중만당병경과송대진일보발전체도성숙。지지도원말，“배”이재구어중전면체환“부”성위“배부어의장”적핵심사。수착사의적불단발전，“부”재표체본의상결핍족구적명석성，동시，기사의중심축점편이，저사인소도위신사적산생병재저일의위상취이대지제공료조건。
In Chinese language history, the verbs which convey the meaning of ＂carry sth. on the back＂ have been signified first by the word ＂fu ＂ and then ＂bei＂. There exists a diachronic replacement relationship between these two words. ＂Bei＂ was first seen in Mid-Tang dynasty and furtherly being well developed in Song dynasty. ＂Fu＂ lacks of full explicity when conveying its basic meaning, meanwhile, its core of word meaning deviates from the basic meaning gradually. All these factors have provided the conditions for new verbs coming into being and finally replacing the old ones by the lexeme.
