CAJ | 학술논문

随着语言学转向，主体作为一种话语功能日益受到关注，作者身份的作用可以被视为这一现代性大视野的一个分支。语言学转向常常被当作这样一个问题对待，即主体到底是言说者还是被言说者，或者说主体到底是其自己言语的作者还是制度性言语行为和国家意识形态机构的口技表演者？后者在10余年来一直处于理论之争的中心，并引出了一个难题：如果说主体是由语言构成并存在于语言之中，那么在主体并不支持语言的情况下，历史性的语言学转向又从何而来？如果说我们被质疑为语言中的主体，这一事实有时候是否会发生变化，使得我们从人文主义自我转变成文本的主体？我们可以确定在有些情形下，新型的社会力量在想象新的反公共领域的同时又标志着朝语言的转向。本文将审视三个例子来探讨在现代性语境之下产生的新公民主体的这种转向。第一个例子来自被啥贝马斯称为资产阶级公众的高峰时期的18世纪中期和载于1776年英国期刊《年鉴》中的一首诗；第二个例子则是在”新妇女”的历史语境中关注20世纪早期兴起的女性主义主体（米纳-罗伊1914年的”女性主义宣言”即是对未来主义、达达主义的男权主义姿态的反击）；第三个例子是墨西哥小说家和诗人叶佩兹，他在1998年边境艺术节就职演说中明确阐述了公民身份全球化的可能性与局限性。如果说18世纪公共领域是在共和国公民身份的语境下形成的，那么20世纪早期妇女的反公共领域则是在性别差异和身体标记的语境中产生的。尽管新型的全球化公民主体的轮廓尚处于形成之中，但是北大西洋自由贸易区阴影之下的边境艺术家们以其作品提出了质疑：语言果真能想象一个真正意义的世界性存在吗？
수착어언학전향，주체작위일충화어공능일익수도관주，작자신빈적작용가이피시위저일현대성대시야적일개분지。어언학전향상상피당작저양일개문제대대，즉주체도저시언설자환시피언설자，혹자설주체도저시기자기언어적작자환시제도성언어행위화국가의식형태궤구적구기표연자？후자재10여년래일직처우이론지쟁적중심，병인출료일개난제：여과설주체시유어언구성병존재우어언지중，나요재주체병불지지어언적정황하，역사성적어언학전향우종하이래？여과설아문피질의위어언중적주체，저일사실유시후시부회발생변화，사득아문종인문주의자아전변성문본적주체？아문가이학정재유사정형하，신형적사회역량재상상신적반공공영역적동시우표지착조어언적전향。본문장심시삼개례자래탐토재현대성어경지하산생적신공민주체적저충전향。제일개례자래자피사패마사칭위자산계급공음적고봉시기적18세기중기화재우1776년영국기간《년감》중적일수시；제이개례자칙시재”신부녀”적역사어경중관주20세기조기흥기적녀성주의주체（미납-라이1914년적”녀성주의선언”즉시대미래주의、체체주의적남권주의자태적반격）；제삼개례자시묵서가소설가화시인협패자，타재1998년변경예술절취직연설중명학천술료공민신빈전구화적가능성여국한성。여과설18세기공공영역시재공화국공민신빈적어경하형성적，나요20세기조기부녀적반공공영역칙시재성별차이화신체표기적어경중산생적。진관신형적전구화공민주체적륜곽상처우형성지중，단시북대서양자유무역구음영지하적변경예술가문이기작품제출료질의：어언과진능상상일개진정의의적세계성존재마？
The role of authorship in the wake of the so-called ＂linguistic turn＂ could be seen as a subset of a larger concern within modernity involving the Subject as a function of discourse. The linguistic turn is usually treated as a question of whether the Subject speaks or is spoken. Is the Subject the author of its own speech or a ventriloquist of institutional speech acts and ideological state apparatuses？ The latter formulation, which has dominated theoretical discussion over the past ten years, leads to a conundrum： if the Subject is constituted by and within language, how can there be a historical turn towards the latter that is not underwritten by the former？ If we are interpellated as subjects in language, can there be a moment in which this fact changes, in which we movc from a humanist self to a textual Subject？ We could identify several moments in which new forms of social agency mark a ＂ turn toward language＂ while imagining new counter public spheres. I will look at three such turns that have produced new citizen subjects in modernity. My first example is from the period that Habermas sees as the high point of the bourgeois public, the mid-eighteenth-century and from a poem included in British journal, The Annual Register, for the year 1776. My second example concerns the emergence of a feminist subject at the beginning of the twentieth-century within the historical context of the ＂new woman. ＂ Mina Loy＇ s ＂Feminist Manifesto＂ of 1914 is a riposte to the masculinist postures of the Futurists and Dadaists. My third example is that of the Mexican poet and novelist, Heriberto Yépes, whose 1998 Festival de la Frontera installation defines the possibilities and limits of citizenship in globalization. If the public sphere of the cighteenth-century was produced in the atmosphere of Republican citizenship, the counter-public sphere of women in the early twentieth century was formed in the atmosphere of gender difference and marked bodies. And although the outlines of a new globalized citizen subject arc still being formed, the work of border artists in the Shadow of NAFTA question whether language can imagine a truly cosmopolitan existence.