西北民族研究
西北民族研究
서북민족연구
North West Minorities Research
2007年
1期
75~107
,共null页
政府管理 市场机制 拉萨市 出租车行业 流动人口
政府管理 市場機製 拉薩市 齣租車行業 流動人口
정부관리 시장궤제 랍살시 출조차행업 류동인구
Governmental Administration; Market Mechanism; Lhasa City; Taxi-Industry; Temporary Migrants
拉萨出租车市场经历了从无偿经营到有偿经营、从顶灯的计划审批到市场化拍卖的阶段,随之出租车从业人员的民族构成也经历了从以当地藏族为主体到以外来汉族为主体的结构性转变。本研究试图解释这种转变的宏观背景和内在机制,并试图通过抽样调查所得到的信息,对目前拉萨市出租车从业者的基本面貌做出概述,特别关注这些外来车主、驾驶员的流动方式,居住模式,与当地人关系和他们对政府机构的评价。笔者认为,正是政府治理模式的转变引发了从业者结构的变迁及市场竞争的恶化,因此,当地政府也许需要考虑改变对这一行业的管理模式,积极介入顶灯拍卖的市场化经营,扭转市场力量主导的局面,同时不断完善对出租车行业的立法、管理和服务,使其更好地为当地的生产、生活服务。
拉薩齣租車市場經歷瞭從無償經營到有償經營、從頂燈的計劃審批到市場化拍賣的階段,隨之齣租車從業人員的民族構成也經歷瞭從以噹地藏族為主體到以外來漢族為主體的結構性轉變。本研究試圖解釋這種轉變的宏觀揹景和內在機製,併試圖通過抽樣調查所得到的信息,對目前拉薩市齣租車從業者的基本麵貌做齣概述,特彆關註這些外來車主、駕駛員的流動方式,居住模式,與噹地人關繫和他們對政府機構的評價。筆者認為,正是政府治理模式的轉變引髮瞭從業者結構的變遷及市場競爭的噁化,因此,噹地政府也許需要攷慮改變對這一行業的管理模式,積極介入頂燈拍賣的市場化經營,扭轉市場力量主導的跼麵,同時不斷完善對齣租車行業的立法、管理和服務,使其更好地為噹地的生產、生活服務。
랍살출조차시장경력료종무상경영도유상경영、종정등적계화심비도시장화박매적계단,수지출조차종업인원적민족구성야경력료종이당지장족위주체도이외래한족위주체적결구성전변。본연구시도해석저충전변적굉관배경화내재궤제,병시도통과추양조사소득도적신식,대목전랍살시출조차종업자적기본면모주출개술,특별관주저사외래차주、가사원적류동방식,거주모식,여당지인관계화타문대정부궤구적평개。필자인위,정시정부치리모식적전변인발료종업자결구적변천급시장경쟁적악화,인차,당지정부야허수요고필개변대저일행업적관리모식,적겁개입정등박매적시장화경영,뉴전시장역량주도적국면,동시불단완선대출조차행업적입법、관리화복무,사기경호지위당지적생산、생활복무。
The pattern of government control on taxi market in Lhasa has experienced two stages in recent years: first without fees and mainly by planning approval, and another by fees and auction. Along with these changes, the ethical structure of taxi drivers has also experienced two stages: from Tibetans as the main body to immigrant Han People as the main body. With this background, this paper attempts to explain the macro-situation and mechanism of this transformation, and to analyze the basic characteristics of taxi practitioner in Lhasa using the information collected from a survey, especially focusing on the following topics, the mobile and resident patterns of these immigrant taxi drivers as well as taxi owners, their relationship with local residents and their evaluation about the government agencies. The paper concludes that it is the change of the pattern of government control on taxi market that has changed the structure of practitioner and has deteriorated the competition. Thus, in order to improve the situation, the local government should consider changing the pattern of control, take active part in the auction so that to restructure the current situation that is dominated by market forces. At the same time, the legislation, administration of and services for taxi market should also be improved.