CAJ | 학술논문

大学生就业难反映的是经济体制改革与教育体制改革之间的内在矛盾，问题的实质是在工业化加速推进阶段，经济社会大量需要的是具有一定的理论知识、熟悉某项操作与技能的实务型人才，但现实的人力资本供给却与此需求结构不相吻合。高等院校有必要实现研究型教育与技能型教育的分离均衡，少部分大学从事研究型教育和精英教育，绝大多数大学则从事应用型和技能型教育。从短期看，要硬化高校的预算约束，逐步放松对于学费和招生计划的统一管制，给予学校更多的其他方面的办学自主权，并改革配置高等教育资源的方式；从长期看，必须改革更为基础的制度安排，促进高等教育领域的产权改革，高等教育最终将形成面向市场的办学机制。
대학생취업난반영적시경제체제개혁여교육체제개혁지간적내재모순，문제적실질시재공업화가속추진계단，경제사회대량수요적시구유일정적이론지식、숙실모항조작여기능적실무형인재，단현실적인력자본공급각여차수구결구불상문합。고등원교유필요실현연구형교육여기능형교육적분리균형，소부분대학종사연구형교육화정영교육，절대다수대학칙종사응용형화기능형교육。종단기간，요경화고교적예산약속，축보방송대우학비화초생계화적통일관제，급여학교경다적기타방면적판학자주권，병개혁배치고등교육자원적방식；종장기간，필수개혁경위기출적제도안배，촉진고등교육영역적산권개혁，고등교육최종장형성면향시장적판학궤제。
The problem of employment for roots in the conflict between the economic system reform and education system reform. The issue is, during the acceleration of industrialization, the economy calls for talents not only with solid theoretical foundation but familiar with practical operation and technics. However, the current human resource market structure can hardly satisfy such demand. This thus requires China＇s higer education sector to realize the balance between research-oriented education and vocational education, which means while a small percentage of higher institutions commited to research, most will be focusing on practical and skill-based education. Within a short time frame, higer institutions should further restrict their budget, gradually relax the central control over tuition and admission, therefore giving the universities more self-governing power in various area, and in the meantime reform the allocation of higher educational resources; in the long term, reforms must be conduct to more fundamental arrangement of the system to promote the reform of the property right in the higher education field. Higher education will establish the mechanism of running a school that caters to the needs of the market.