CAJ | 학술논문

儿童早期词汇获得存在词类差异，很多语言中名词比例都要高于其他词类，因此一些研究者提出“名词优势”理论。但是，一些对汉语和韩语的研究发现，儿童早期获得的动词比例与名词没有显著差异，甚至高于名词，同时汉语和韩语动词比例也远大于英语动词比例。针对不同语言儿童早期获得的动、名词比例差异现象，研究者认为语言结构特征和成人对孩子的言语输入可以解释不同语言儿童早期词汇中动、名词比例的差异，其中成人言语中词类的频率、单词位置、词形变化复杂性和语用等因素都会影响儿童早期词汇获得。此外，不同的词汇测量方法、观察情境、词类定义、词汇量水平、单词理解与说出也会造成不同研究结果之间的差异。
인동조기사회획득존재사류차이，흔다어언중명사비례도요고우기타사류，인차일사연구자제출“명사우세”이론。단시，일사대한어화한어적연구발현，인동조기획득적동사비례여명사몰유현저차이，심지고우명사，동시한어화한어동사비례야원대우영어동사비례。침대불동어언인동조기획득적동、명사비례차이현상，연구자인위어언결구특정화성인대해자적언어수입가이해석불동어언인동조기사회중동、명사비례적차이，기중성인언어중사류적빈솔、단사위치、사형변화복잡성화어용등인소도회영향인동조기사회획득。차외，불동적사회측량방법、관찰정경、사류정의、사회량수평、단사리해여설출야회조성불동연구결과지간적차이。
Children＇s early word acquisition differs such that the number of nouns that children acquire is higher than verbs in many languages. This led some researchers to propose a ＂noun bias＂ as a cognitive principle for word learning. However, studies of Chinese- and Korean-speaking children found that the ratio of verbs was as high if not higher than nouns in these languages and that the ratio of verbs in both of these languages was higher than in English. To explain these language-specific phenomena, researchers examined the structural characteristics of language and adult-to-child input including factors such as frequency, word order, morphological complexity, and pragmatics. In addition, differences in the methods and contexts in which vocabulary was sampled as well as operational definitions of word class and children＇s total vocabulary size could also contribute to differences in estimates across studies. However, to date, those studies that use comparable methods across languages have found consistent differences across languages and this is a rich area for further exploration.