CAJ | 학술논문

本研究以三个实验探讨了3～5岁儿童词汇学习的内隐推理过程。实验1首先让被试者看一个熟悉物体的标准图片，分别以熟悉的或者不熟悉的名词命名，然后要求从两个选项中选择一个图片与标准图片匹配。结果表明3～4岁儿童可以不熟悉名词完成词汇扩展作业，但是只有5岁儿童可以熟悉名词完成词汇扩展作业，这表明5岁儿童可能有一个内隐推理加工过程。实验2以不熟悉物体作为标准图片，以熟悉名词与指代词分别作为指导语进一步测试5岁儿童的内隐推理过程，结果表明这个年龄阶段儿童的类概念形成有一种自上而下加工的内隐推理过程。实验3呈现基本概念的图片检验什么因素影响3～5岁儿童词汇学习的内隐推理过程，结果表明在类似性比较条件下与3～4岁儿童相比，5岁儿童更加明显地表现了内隐推理的加工过程。最后以类似性理论讨论了本研究的结果。
본연구이삼개실험탐토료3～5세인동사회학습적내은추리과정。실험1수선양피시자간일개숙실물체적표준도편，분별이숙실적혹자불숙실적명사명명，연후요구종량개선항중선택일개도편여표준도편필배。결과표명3～4세인동가이불숙실명사완성사회확전작업，단시지유5세인동가이숙실명사완성사회확전작업，저표명5세인동가능유일개내은추리가공과정。실험2이불숙실물체작위표준도편，이숙실명사여지대사분별작위지도어진일보측시5세인동적내은추리과정，결과표명저개년령계단인동적류개념형성유일충자상이하가공적내은추리과정。실험3정현기본개념적도편검험십요인소영향3～5세인동사회학습적내은추리과정，결과표명재유사성비교조건하여3～4세인동상비，5세인동경가명현지표현료내은추리적가공과정。최후이유사성이론토론료본연구적결과。
The implicit inference processes of 3- 5-year-old children＇s word learning were investigated in three experiments. The subjects in Experiment 1 were first showed a familiar standard card or target object with either a familiar or an unfamiliar label, and were then asked to select a match from two alternatives for the standard card. The results showed that 3- 4-year-olds were able to perform a word-extension task with an unfamiliar word as instruction. However, 5-year-olds were able to perform a word-extension task with a familiar word as instruction in which there might be some implicit inference processes. The 3- 5-year-olds as subjects in Experiment 2, taking advantage of both familiar objects as standard cards and nominative pronouns as instructions, alternatively performed the word-extension task as well. The result showed that nominative pronounsc ould represent implicit inference processes. The results in Experiment 3 showed that 5-year-olds were more likely to display implicit inference processes . Finally, all the results were discussed in terms of models of structural alignment in similarity comparison.