中国人民大学学报
中國人民大學學報
중국인민대학학보
Journal of Renmin University of China
2007年
4期
128~133
,共null页
留名后世 心理需求 树碑之风 汉晋史学
留名後世 心理需求 樹碑之風 漢晉史學
류명후세 심리수구 수비지풍 한진사학
leaving good reputation in the later ages;the need of psychology; social ethos to erect tablets and state morals; historiography in Dynasties from Han to Jin
在古代中国，与政治上的需要相比较，普遍存在的留名后世以图不朽的心理需求，是对史学发展更具“普遍意义”的推动力，这种心理需求自东汉起表现得日趋强烈。在这种心理的驱动之下，立碑述德渐成风气，史传写作也日趋增多。三国时期，虽曹魏政权一度有过禁碑之令，但树碑镌铭之风没有丝毫减退。两晋十六国时期，“书名竹帛”成为很多人的追求，“好名”心态仍然十分普遍。南北朝时期，留名后世的愿望表现得更为强烈，但把史传的记述作为留名后世的一种依托，较之镌石勒铭更为普遍，这对史著的撰写和史学的发展产生了十分重要的影响。
在古代中國，與政治上的需要相比較，普遍存在的留名後世以圖不朽的心理需求，是對史學髮展更具“普遍意義”的推動力，這種心理需求自東漢起錶現得日趨彊烈。在這種心理的驅動之下，立碑述德漸成風氣，史傳寫作也日趨增多。三國時期，雖曹魏政權一度有過禁碑之令，但樹碑鐫銘之風沒有絲毫減退。兩晉十六國時期，“書名竹帛”成為很多人的追求，“好名”心態仍然十分普遍。南北朝時期，留名後世的願望錶現得更為彊烈，但把史傳的記述作為留名後世的一種依託，較之鐫石勒銘更為普遍，這對史著的撰寫和史學的髮展產生瞭十分重要的影響。
재고대중국，여정치상적수요상비교，보편존재적류명후세이도불후적심리수구，시대사학발전경구“보편의의”적추동력，저충심리수구자동한기표현득일추강렬。재저충심리적구동지하，립비술덕점성풍기，사전사작야일추증다。삼국시기，수조위정권일도유과금비지령，단수비전명지풍몰유사호감퇴。량진십륙국시기，“서명죽백”성위흔다인적추구，“호명”심태잉연십분보편。남북조시기，류명후세적원망표현득경위강렬，단파사전적기술작위류명후세적일충의탁，교지전석륵명경위보편，저대사저적찬사화사학적발전산생료십분중요적영향。
In ancient China, compared with the need of politics, it was the commonly existed mental need of leaving good reputation for permanence that had universal significance to push the historiography＇s development. The need was more and more intensely from the Dynasty of Dong Han. Driven by the mental need, it became a social ethos to erect tablets and state morals, and to write bi- ographies. During the Three States Period, there was once the ban to forbid erecting tablets, but it didn＇t make the ethos weak. During the Dynasties of Jin and Sixteen States, the psychology of seeking good reputation was still very common. During the Dynasties of Northern and Southern States, it was more intense. It was far more universal to take the documentaries of biography as the means to leave good reputation in the later ages, which brought a great effect on historical works and development of historiography.
