文物保护与考古科学
文物保護與攷古科學
문물보호여고고과학
Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology
2007年
3期
11~15
,共null页
水害 模型 地下水渗流场模拟 疏干排水工程
水害 模型 地下水滲流場模擬 疏榦排水工程
수해 모형 지하수삼류장모의 소간배수공정
Water trouble ; Model; Simulation of the groundwater seepage field ; Water - draining project
大量现场地质调查结果表明：大型平原土体遗址原地原样保护的主要环境地质病害是地下水形成的渗水对遗址及其文物造成的腐蚀和破坏，因而治水工程是这类遗址保护中最主要的岩土工程。结合该类遗址原地原样保护原则要求：①遗址围岩和文物的含水率要低于40％；②遗址区地下水位要长期保持在遗址底板高程减去土层毛细水上升的水平面上；③为遗址长期保护服务的地质工程要能长期保持稳定正常运行；④地质工程要与文物景观相容。提出了治水工程的基本技术思路；①查明遗址区水文、工程地质条件；②建立遗址区水文地质模型；③遗址区工程地质、环境地质问题评价；④遗址区治水工程方案论证；⑤工程优化设计；⑥工程施工。其中，治水工作的关键是查明遗址区水文地质条件和地下水渗流场的变化规律，而地下水数值模拟技术能够模拟计算地下水随时间的动态变化。本工作以抗州萧山独木舟遗址为例，分析了该遗址区的水文地质条件，采用地下水数值模拟技术模拟计算遗址区原始地下水位分布；根据遗址区工程地质条件和原始地下水位模拟结果，提出了暗沟疏干排水方案，并模拟预测疏干排水工程实施后地下水位随时间变化规律，模拟结果合理，能够用于指导治水工程设计施工。
大量現場地質調查結果錶明：大型平原土體遺阯原地原樣保護的主要環境地質病害是地下水形成的滲水對遺阯及其文物造成的腐蝕和破壞，因而治水工程是這類遺阯保護中最主要的巖土工程。結閤該類遺阯原地原樣保護原則要求：①遺阯圍巖和文物的含水率要低于40％；②遺阯區地下水位要長期保持在遺阯底闆高程減去土層毛細水上升的水平麵上；③為遺阯長期保護服務的地質工程要能長期保持穩定正常運行；④地質工程要與文物景觀相容。提齣瞭治水工程的基本技術思路；①查明遺阯區水文、工程地質條件；②建立遺阯區水文地質模型；③遺阯區工程地質、環境地質問題評價；④遺阯區治水工程方案論證；⑤工程優化設計；⑥工程施工。其中，治水工作的關鍵是查明遺阯區水文地質條件和地下水滲流場的變化規律，而地下水數值模擬技術能夠模擬計算地下水隨時間的動態變化。本工作以抗州蕭山獨木舟遺阯為例，分析瞭該遺阯區的水文地質條件，採用地下水數值模擬技術模擬計算遺阯區原始地下水位分佈；根據遺阯區工程地質條件和原始地下水位模擬結果，提齣瞭暗溝疏榦排水方案，併模擬預測疏榦排水工程實施後地下水位隨時間變化規律，模擬結果閤理，能夠用于指導治水工程設計施工。
대량현장지질조사결과표명：대형평원토체유지원지원양보호적주요배경지질병해시지하수형성적삼수대유지급기문물조성적부식화파배，인이치수공정시저류유지보호중최주요적암토공정。결합해류유지원지원양보호원칙요구：①유지위암화문물적함수솔요저우40％；②유지구지하수위요장기보지재유지저판고정감거토층모세수상승적수평면상；③위유지장기보호복무적지질공정요능장기보지은정정상운행；④지질공정요여문물경관상용。제출료치수공정적기본기술사로；①사명유지구수문、공정지질조건；②건립유지구수문지질모형；③유지구공정지질、배경지질문제평개；④유지구치수공정방안론증；⑤공정우화설계；⑥공정시공。기중，치수공작적관건시사명유지구수문지질조건화지하수삼류장적변화규률，이지하수수치모의기술능구모의계산지하수수시간적동태변화。본공작이항주소산독목주유지위례，분석료해유지구적수문지질조건，채용지하수수치모의기술모의계산유지구원시지하수위분포；근거유지구공정지질조건화원시지하수위모의결과，제출료암구소간배수방안，병모의예측소간배수공정실시후지하수위수시간변화규률，모의결과합리，능구용우지도치수공정설계시공。
The investigation on the spot indicates that the main environ -geological cause for the destruction of sites and degradation of cultural relics is the seepage of groundwater. The water - control is thus a chief geotechnical engineering for the preservation. The following are the principles of the sites＇ preseryation in situ： 1. The moisture content of the culture relics and the rock around the sites must be less than 40% ; 2. The groundwater level must be under the level corresponding to the soleplate＇s altitude of the sites subtracting the capillary height of the groundwater; 3. The geological engineering for the long - term preservation of the sites must keep steadily and normally running; 4. The geological engineering must harmonize with the sight of the cultural relic. According to the principles of the sites＇ preservation, the following basic technical ideas of the control - water project are put forward：1. Find out the hydrogeological and engineering geological conditions of the sites; 2. Build up the hydrogeological model of the sites＇ region; 3. Analyze the problems of the engineering - geology and environ - geology; 4. Demonstrate the scheme of the control -water project for the sites＇preservation ;5. Optimize the design of the control - water project; 6. Carry out the control - water project. Moreover, the key to find out the hydrogeological condition and the changing regularity of the seepage field of groundwater in the sites is pointed out. The numerical simulation technique can simulate the changing regularity of the seepage field. The Canoe site in Xiaoshan region of Hangzhou is taken as an example to explain the technology. On the base of the hydrogeological conditions in the sites, the original water distribution is simulated. According to the engineering geological conditions and the result of the foregoing simulation, a scheme of draining the groundwater around the sites is brought forward. The simulation and forecast of the changing regularity of the groundwater - seepage field in the sites after the water - draining show that the scheme is plausible and can be utilized to aid the design and construction of the water - control project.
