CAJ | 학술논문

辽宁省本溪市桓仁县五女山城是高句丽第一代王朱蒙建都的纥升古城（公元前37年-公元3年）。在这一时期这一地域铁器的质地、加工工艺、手工业发展水平是冶金史学和考古学共同关注的问题，为深入了解高句丽民族铁器的应用及加工状况，本工作采集了出土于五女山城，多数集中放置在V区T504探方出土的一件铁釜内的铁器，进行金相学研究。为此采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜-X射线能谱仪作为检测和分析手段。检测结果表明，这些铁器的材质包括生铁铸造器物，局部灰口铸铁、低碳钢、熟铁，兵器和工具采用含杂质少的铸铁脱碳钢材料，铁钉采用含杂质多的炒钢材料，半成品铁块体现了生铁与熟铁相熔折叠锻打的工艺特征，与文献记载的“灌钢”方法之一的“灌”、“辟”相对应，而另一件环形铁器，内缘表面可观察到若干高碳薄层，与中心区域含碳量相差悬殊，并且观察到有石墨存在，显然也与熔融生铁的表面处理相关。这两件样品表明，至少在五世纪初，该地工匠已经在应用施加熔融生铁于熟铁的工艺。
요녕성본계시환인현오녀산성시고구려제일대왕주몽건도적흘승고성（공원전37년-공원3년）。재저일시기저일지역철기적질지、가공공예、수공업발전수평시야금사학화고고학공동관주적문제，위심입료해고구려민족철기적응용급가공상황，본공작채집료출토우오녀산성，다수집중방치재V구T504탐방출토적일건철부내적철기，진행금상학연구。위차채용금상현미경、소묘전경-X사선능보의작위검측화분석수단。검측결과표명，저사철기적재질포괄생철주조기물，국부회구주철、저탄강、숙철，병기화공구채용함잡질소적주철탈탄강재료，철정채용함잡질다적초강재료，반성품철괴체현료생철여숙철상용절첩단타적공예특정，여문헌기재적“관강”방법지일적“관”、“벽”상대응，이령일건배형철기，내연표면가관찰도약간고탄박층，여중심구역함탄량상차현수，병차관찰도유석묵존재，현연야여용융생철적표면처리상관。저량건양품표명，지소재오세기초，해지공장이경재응용시가용융생철우숙철적공예。
The Wunu Mountain city is capital of Gaogouli （KoguryS） built by Zhu Meng who was the first king （37B. C. - 3A. D. ） in Huanren county, Liaoning province. The nature and technics of ironware and the development level of the handicraft industry during this period and in this area are the common concern of archaeology and metallurgy circle. To find out the application and technics of Gaogouli irons, pieces of ironware excavated from the fourth cultural deposit in Wunu mountain city were analysed by metallographic method and SEM - EDX. The results showed that the materials of iron objects included cast iron, gray cast iron partly, low carbon steel and wrought iron. The weapons and tools were made of steel annealed by cast iron with less impurity while nail was made of puddling iron. Besids, semi finished iron showed the features of mixing by the pig iron mixing with wrought iron by collapsing and forging. It provided the metallographic demonstration for applying of the ‘Guan Gang＇ method melting and pouring pig iron into wrought iron for acieration. The metallographic study of Gaogouli＇ iron artifacts reveals profile of the development level of handicraft industry during the Gaogouli metaphase.