西安交通大学学报：社会科学版
西安交通大學學報：社會科學版
서안교통대학학보：사회과학판
Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University(Social Sciences)
2007年
5期
54~72
,共null页
主权平等 领袖型国家 差别论 正当性 共进国际法 国家策略
主權平等 領袖型國傢 差彆論 正噹性 共進國際法 國傢策略
주권평등 령수형국가 차별론 정당성 공진국제법 국가책략
sovereign equahty ; leader state; difference arguments; legitimacy; international law of co-progressiveness; national strategy
如果正确理解国家现象与国家平等，就可看出国家主权平等有最高限度、最低限度，以及从最低限度到最高限度的连续统。我们有义务在为差别作公允辩护的同时捍卫平等的最低限度并促进更大的平等。一个国家在已遵守主权平等的最低限度的条件下，（1）依差别论衡量设法正当地取得了一个特权或强势地位，不过是一个强势国家；（2）正当地成为一个强势国家，且取得了大国地位，并尊重国际体系的价值，以及真正成功地担负起对国际体系所负之重大责任，不过是一个伟大国家；（3）尊重国际体系的价值，且真正成功地担负起对国际体系所负之重大责任，不仅素来都在诚信地甚至是模范地遵守现存合法规则，而更重要的是，已帮助规划或提炼出一个合适的国际体系远景，并努力将之构建起来，以使人类繁荣得以最大限度的实现，就是一个领袖型国家。
如果正確理解國傢現象與國傢平等，就可看齣國傢主權平等有最高限度、最低限度，以及從最低限度到最高限度的連續統。我們有義務在為差彆作公允辯護的同時捍衛平等的最低限度併促進更大的平等。一箇國傢在已遵守主權平等的最低限度的條件下，（1）依差彆論衡量設法正噹地取得瞭一箇特權或彊勢地位，不過是一箇彊勢國傢；（2）正噹地成為一箇彊勢國傢，且取得瞭大國地位，併尊重國際體繫的價值，以及真正成功地擔負起對國際體繫所負之重大責任，不過是一箇偉大國傢；（3）尊重國際體繫的價值，且真正成功地擔負起對國際體繫所負之重大責任，不僅素來都在誠信地甚至是模範地遵守現存閤法規則，而更重要的是，已幫助規劃或提煉齣一箇閤適的國際體繫遠景，併努力將之構建起來，以使人類繁榮得以最大限度的實現，就是一箇領袖型國傢。
여과정학리해국가현상여국가평등，취가간출국가주권평등유최고한도、최저한도，이급종최저한도도최고한도적련속통。아문유의무재위차별작공윤변호적동시한위평등적최저한도병촉진경대적평등。일개국가재이준수주권평등적최저한도적조건하，（1）의차별론형량설법정당지취득료일개특권혹강세지위，불과시일개강세국가；（2）정당지성위일개강세국가，차취득료대국지위，병존중국제체계적개치，이급진정성공지담부기대국제체계소부지중대책임，불과시일개위대국가；（3）존중국제체계적개치，차진정성공지담부기대국제체계소부지중대책임，불부소래도재성신지심지시모범지준수현존합법규칙，이경중요적시，이방조규화혹제련출일개합괄적국제체계원경，병노력장지구건기래，이사인류번영득이최대한도적실현，취시일개령수형국가。
If we properly understand the phenomenon of the State and equality of States, we can see that the sovereign equality of States includes a maximum, an irreducible minimum and a continuum moving from the minimum to the maximum. Our task is to safeguard the irreducible minimum of sovereign equality of states and to promote greater equality to the extent possible, and to try our best to do so, while justifying differences and inequalities in a fair way. Under the basic condition of respecting the irreducible minimum of sovereign equality of states, a State is merely a ＂strong State＂ if it has managed to reach a privileged or strong position legitimately under the difference arguments. Under the same basic condition, a State is a ＂great State＂ if it has become a strong State legitimately and has achieved the big power status, and has paid respect to the value of, and shouldered, with substantial success, the hefty responsibility toward, the international system. Under the same basic condition, a State is a ＂leader State＂ if it has respected the value of, and shouldered, with success, substantial responsibility toward, the international system, has not only been making good faith efforts or even exemplary efforts to comply with the existing legitimate rules, but also, more important, has helped to formulate or refine a proper vision of the international system and to build it up so that the flourishing of humanity can be achieved to the greatest extent possible.
