CAJ | 학술논문

孔子曾自道其方法论：“我欲载之空言，不如见之于行事之深切著明也。”——我与其空泛地谈论单纯的道理，不如切实地考察具体的事例，从而能把我对人伦世事的看法阐释得非常深刻且非常清晰。若依这一方法论来审视《论语》，则不难辨识其间既有一些能够“见之于行事”的内容，即有具体实例支持的论述，如“吾党直者”说；也有许多未能“见之于行事”的内容，即无具体实例支持的论述，如“讷近仁”说、“仁者不忧”说。前一内容因述说具体事例而处于一定语境中，故有较确定的含义。后者则因泛言抽象道理而超然于一定语境之外，故缺乏较确定的含义，很容易发生歧义，此亦是，彼亦是。若依这一方法论来比较《论语》与《春秋》、《传习录》、《圣经》，则也不难解读出一些意味深长的差异来。
공자증자도기방법론：“아욕재지공언，불여견지우행사지심절저명야。”——아여기공범지담론단순적도리，불여절실지고찰구체적사례，종이능파아대인륜세사적간법천석득비상심각차비상청석。약의저일방법론래심시《론어》，칙불난변식기간기유일사능구“견지우행사”적내용，즉유구체실례지지적논술，여“오당직자”설；야유허다미능“견지우행사”적내용，즉무구체실례지지적논술，여“눌근인”설、“인자불우”설。전일내용인술설구체사례이처우일정어경중，고유교학정적함의。후자칙인범언추상도리이초연우일정어경지외，고결핍교학정적함의，흔용역발생기의，차역시，피역시。약의저일방법론래비교《론어》여《춘추》、《전습록》、《골경》，칙야불난해독출일사의미심장적차이래。
Confucius ever talked about his methodology, saying ＂I don＇t want to talk about the abstract theories vacantly so much as to probe into concrete instances practically. Thus, I can explain human relations and affairs profoundly and clearly. ＂ If we scan the Analects according to this methodology, it is not difficult to recognize that it contains not only some contents with concrete instances to support them, like the story of ＂the upright man＂, but also many contents -- abstract theories, without concrete instances to support them, like the theory of ＂people slow to speak near to Goodness＂. The former recounts the concrete instances in the certain contexts. Therefore, they have more definite implications. The latter discusses the abstract truth broadly beyond the certain contexts. Therefore, they lack more definite implications, so that it is very easy to have the different meanings. Either interpretation is right. If we compare the Analects with Spring and Autumn Period, Knowing and Doing Record and Holy Bible according to this methodology, it is not difficult to recognize that there are some significant differences in between.