CAJ | 학술논문

三峡截流前后的2000-2006年的7年洞庭湖共监测到鱼类111种．其组成结构与上世纪70’s的资源调查相比有较大变化，明显以鲤、鲫、鲶、黄颡鱼等湖泊定居性鱼类为主，高达92％；“四大家鱼”在渔获物中所占比例降至7．4％，刀鲚等洄游性鱼类已极为罕见，7年间尚未监测到白鲟、鲥鱼、湘华鲮、白甲鱼、稀有白甲鱼、中华倒刺鲃等品种；平均渔获量为2．89万t，三峡截流前在3万t左右徘徊．三产截流后渔获量逐年下降，现已降至2．1万t，且多以1-2龄鱼为主，亲鱼补充群体严重不足，池塘化趋势明显，这与三峡等水利工程建设、过度捕捞、水域污染、洲滩垦植等因素密切相关。三峡截流后洞庭湖北水来源减少，南水上涨。污水倒流，渔业污染事故发生频率增加，水体自净化能力降低，经监测初步认为三峡工程已对洞庭湖的渔业资源与生态环境造成了重大影响，必须采取相关对策进行洞庭湖渔业资源与生态环境修复与保护。
삼협절류전후적2000-2006년적7년동정호공감측도어류111충．기조성결구여상세기70’s적자원조사상비유교대변화，명현이리、즉、염、황상어등호박정거성어류위주，고체92％；“사대가어”재어획물중소점비례강지7．4％，도제등회유성어류이겁위한견，7년간상미감측도백심、시어、상화릉、백갑어、희유백갑어、중화도자파등품충；평균어획량위2．89만t，삼협절류전재3만t좌우배회．삼산절류후어획량축년하강，현이강지2．1만t，차다이1-2령어위주，친어보충군체엄중불족，지당화추세명현，저여삼협등수리공정건설、과도포로、수역오염、주탄은식등인소밀절상관。삼협절류후동정호북수래원감소，남수상창。오수도류，어업오염사고발생빈솔증가，수체자정화능력강저，경감측초보인위삼협공정이대동정호적어업자원여생태배경조성료중대영향，필수채취상관대책진행동정호어업자원여생태배경수복여보호。
Having observed 111 species fishes during 2000--2006 before and after setting up Three Gorge Dam, the component are obviously different from those in 1970＇s, and the dominant species is lacustrine fishes such as common carp, crucian carp, catfish and yellow catfish, et., which is 92% of all the fishes. On the other hand, the percentage of the Four Domestic Culture Fish falls to 7.4%, and the worst is the migration fishes such as Coilia ectenes, white sturgeon, Hilsa reevesii, Sinilabeo decorus tungting, Varicorhinus, Varicohinus （rarus Lin）, Barbodes, are hard to observe. The yearly average catch was around 30,000 tons, which have gradually reduced to descend to 21,000 tons including dominant 1-2 ages fish after blocking water by Three Gorge Dam, and recruit parent fishes are severely shortage. As the lake is separated and becoming smaller and smaller continually the majority fish species in the lake tends to be dominant lacustrine fishes. These phenomenon are closely related with water project construction, overfishing, water pollution, planting on deposit silt. After setting up Three Gorge Dam, the water quantity flowing to Dongting Lake from the Yangtze river is reduced, and southern water level comparatively rise, so that the water is flowing adversely and fishery polluting accidents are increaseing because water decontamination ability is descending. Therefore, the paper believes that the Three Gorge Dam engineering has brought influence to fishery resources and environment of Dongting Lake. Some methodological suggestions are given to rehabilitate and protect fishery resources and environment in this essay.