CAJ | 학술논문

以往研究表明幼儿主要依赖几何信息进行再定向，但这些研究大多使用矩形空间。在本研究中，幼儿所处的空间为几何信息更丰富，目标物体所在位置确定的梯形。结果发现，幼儿并不会利用新增的几何信息确定目标物体，仍然去正确位置的对角寻找，表现出的寻找模式与矩形空间一样，这说明幼儿在空间再定向任务中对几何信息的利用很有限。此外，录像分析的结果发现，幼儿在面向梯形两底边时会更多地且径直地走向正确位置或对角，这种寻找过程上的特点表明他们可能基于空间轴朝向结合左右方位感表征物体位置。
이왕연구표명유인주요의뢰궤하신식진행재정향，단저사연구대다사용구형공간。재본연구중，유인소처적공간위궤하신식경봉부，목표물체소재위치학정적제형。결과발현，유인병불회이용신증적궤하신식학정목표물체，잉연거정학위치적대각심조，표현출적심조모식여구형공간일양，저설명유인재공간재정향임무중대궤하신식적이용흔유한。차외，록상분석적결과발현，유인재면향제형량저변시회경다지차경직지주향정학위치혹대각，저충심조과정상적특점표명타문가능기우공간축조향결합좌우방위감표정물체위치。
Humans and animals are able to orient themselves to an environment. Previous studies have demonstrated that young children＇s reorientation behaviors are mainly guided by the geometric information of their environment. Children often reorient themselves according to the shape of the testing room and not in accordance with the room＇s non - geometric properties. While previous studies typically used rectangular testing rooms that provided unique geometric information,we used a trapezoidal testing room that allowed us to explore the maaner in which children use geometric information, including the angle of the comers as well as the dimensions of the walls. In a preliminary experiment, a rectangular testing room （1.9m × 12m ×1.2m） was used. In Experiment 1 （where the participants were children） and Experiment 2 （ where the participants were adults）, one of the walls of rectangular room was shortened from 12m to lm to form a trapezoidal testing room. In Experiment 3, the lengths of the two hemlines of the trapezium were altered to 0.9m and 1.5m. Participants included children who were 24 years old and adults （N = 20） who were university students. In each experiment, the participants＇ reorientation abilities were tested through a procedure adapted from Hermer and Spelke （1994, 1996）. First, the participants were allowed to observe the environment. Thereafter, they watched the experimenter hide an object in one of the landmark boxes positioned in the four comers of the room. Following one of the two experimental manipulations, the participants were required to retrieve the object. In oriented search trials, the participants retrieved the object after turning 360 degrees in one spot four times, with their eyes open. This served as a control condition that probed whether the participants remembered where the experimenter had hidden the object. In disoriented search trials, the participants retrieved the object after turning 360 degrees, four to six times .in one spot, with their eyes closed; this condition was found to induce a state of disorientation in children of this age （Hermer and Spelke, 1996）. The results of the preliminary experiment indicated that children search geometrically appropriate locations more often than geometrically inappropriate locations, but did not search proximate locations more often than they do distant locations. In particular, the proportion of the search at the correct comer and at the geometrically equivalent opposite comer （in diagonal direction） did not differ. This result was consistent with the findings of previous studies. When children were tested in a trapezoidal room, they still went to the correct comer or the opposite comer. The video recording revealed that when children faced the two hemlines of the trapezium, they frequently and directly went to the correct comer or the opposite comer. However, when they faced the two lateral walls of the trapezium, they infrequently and indirectly went to the correct comer or the opposite comer. The present study provides converging evidence suggesting that children do not rely solely on geometric information about the dimensions of the wails of their environment. Further, their reorientation behaviors can be affected by egocentric information. It is most probable that children use information of the principal axe of the trapezoidal testing room in the task of reorientation.