中国人口资源与环境
中國人口資源與環境
중국인구자원여배경
China Polulation.Resources and Environment
2008年
2期
154~159
,共null页
外部性分类 环境管理体制 设计
外部性分類 環境管理體製 設計
외부성분류 배경관리체제 설계
classification of externalities; environmental administrative system; design
环境问题的外部性属性决定了其不可能依靠市场解决。必须进行适当的政府干预。研究外部性的意义在于内部化，即纠正市场失灵。本文对外部性进行了主体划分．建立了以时间和空间为基准的外部性分类矩阵，构建了外部性绝对大小和相对大小的概念模型。基于这些研究．分别回答环境问题是否需要管理、由谁来管、采取什么手段以及管到什么程度的问题．并由此提出“三级两层”的中国环境管理体制框架。跨行政区的环境外部性应当由上一级政府负责管理，在总社会成本最小化的前提下．应当在尽量小的范围实现较高程度的内部化，内部化手段的搭配符合费用效果最好原则。建议中国的环境管理体制改革在保留国家、省、市三级环境管理机构的基础上。设置环保总局和省环保局的分局以便直接管理省际、市际等外部性。
環境問題的外部性屬性決定瞭其不可能依靠市場解決。必鬚進行適噹的政府榦預。研究外部性的意義在于內部化，即糾正市場失靈。本文對外部性進行瞭主體劃分．建立瞭以時間和空間為基準的外部性分類矩陣，構建瞭外部性絕對大小和相對大小的概唸模型。基于這些研究．分彆迴答環境問題是否需要管理、由誰來管、採取什麽手段以及管到什麽程度的問題．併由此提齣“三級兩層”的中國環境管理體製框架。跨行政區的環境外部性應噹由上一級政府負責管理，在總社會成本最小化的前提下．應噹在儘量小的範圍實現較高程度的內部化，內部化手段的搭配符閤費用效果最好原則。建議中國的環境管理體製改革在保留國傢、省、市三級環境管理機構的基礎上。設置環保總跼和省環保跼的分跼以便直接管理省際、市際等外部性。
배경문제적외부성속성결정료기불가능의고시장해결。필수진행괄당적정부간예。연구외부성적의의재우내부화，즉규정시장실령。본문대외부성진행료주체화분．건립료이시간화공간위기준적외부성분류구진，구건료외부성절대대소화상대대소적개념모형。기우저사연구．분별회답배경문제시부수요관리、유수래관、채취십요수단이급관도십요정도적문제．병유차제출“삼급량층”적중국배경관리체제광가。과행정구적배경외부성응당유상일급정부부책관리，재총사회성본최소화적전제하．응당재진량소적범위실현교고정도적내부화，내부화수단적탑배부합비용효과최호원칙。건의중국적배경관리체제개혁재보류국가、성、시삼급배경관리궤구적기출상。설치배보총국화성배보국적분국이편직접관리성제、시제등외부성。
The externality features of environmental problems determined that the problem can not be resolved only by the market system itself, and government intervention become the key way for such situation. The purpose for externality study is on its internalization, which can be expressed by modifying the market failure. This paper distinguishes the main bodies of environmental externality, establishes a classification model according to temporal and spatial principles, and develops conceptual functions of externality＇ s value. Based on these studies, questions like which kinds of environmental problems need to be managed, who should take charge, and which kind of instruments should be taken, have been answered respectively. And then the environmental administrative system with ＂ three levels and each with two layers＂ is deduced. The inter-district externalities should be governed by the upper level government. With a minimum total cost, the environmental externality should be internalized in a small area as much as possible because of its complete information, and the policy instruments are the combinations which comply with cost-effectiveness optimum principle. To internalize the inter-province and inter-city externalities, the sub-bureau of SEPA（State Environmental Protection Administration of China） and Provincial EPB（Environmental Protection Bureau） should be established.
