CAJ | 학술논문

对失业人员求职行为影响因素的研究是开展失业人员求职培训的重要依据。本研究对272名失业人员的求职行为的影响因素及作用机制进行了研究。多元回归分析的结果表明，（1）环境变量对求职行为没有显著的预测作用，而经济压力和知觉到的就业机会对求职意向有显著的预测作用。（2）求职自我效能感和就业承诺对求职行为起到了显著的预测作用。求职自我效能感和就业承诺越高，求职行为的频率越高。（3）求职意向对求职行为有显著的正向预测作用。（4）求职意向在求职自我效能感、就业承诺对求职行为的作用过程中中介作用显著；在知觉到的就业机会、经济压力和社会支持对求职行为的作用过程中中介作用不显著。
대실업인원구직행위영향인소적연구시개전실업인원구직배훈적중요의거。본연구대272명실업인원적구직행위적영향인소급작용궤제진행료연구。다원회귀분석적결과표명，（1）배경변량대구직행위몰유현저적예측작용，이경제압력화지각도적취업궤회대구직의향유현저적예측작용。（2）구직자아효능감화취업승낙대구직행위기도료현저적예측작용。구직자아효능감화취업승낙월고，구직행위적빈솔월고。（3）구직의향대구직행위유현저적정향예측작용。（4）구직의향재구직자아효능감、취업승낙대구직행위적작용과정중중개작용현저；재지각도적취업궤회、경제압력화사회지지대구직행위적작용과정중중개작용불현저。
For unemployed individuals, a job search is not only critical for shortening the career gap and gaining a new job but also for training in job searching. The current study plans to survey a group of unemployed job seekers in Shenyang, which is a part of the old industrial bases in Northeast China, in order to test a new job search model. Further, it also aims to explore the predictive factors and mechanism of the job search behavior of job seekers. In most researches on organizational behavior in China, greater attention has been paid to a mechanism of job search behavior that can directly predict reemployment. In the course of China＇s socioeconomic reconstruction, researches pertaining to the mechanism of job search behavior of job seekers have immense theoretical and practical significance. However, in China, few empirical researches have been conducted to explore the mechanism of job search behavior from the perspective of psychology, and most of the researches were only conducted from the standpoints of sociology and economics. In view of the present situation in China, the characteristics of labor relationships and management systems, this research, based on the theory of planned behavior （TPB）, intends to explore the predictive factors and mechanism of the job search behavior of job seekers from a psychological perspective in Shenyang. In concrete terms, predictive factors （self-efficacy, employment commitment, social support, employment opportunities, and economic stress） have positive predictive effects on job search behavior. Job search intensity acts as a mediator between the predictive factors and job search behavior. This study aims to explore the predictive factors and mechanism of the job search behavior of job seekers. The questionnaires we administered included those on self-efficacy, employment commitment, social support, employment opportunities, economic stress, job search intensity, and job search behavior. Three hundred unemployed participants were recruited randomly from Dadong District, Shenyang. All of them were laid-off workers, who had been unemployed for over four weeks. Trained workers of community centers contacted them beforehand in order to ascertain if they were willing to complete the survey. They also verified if they met two other additional criteria： no intention of retiring within the next year or expectation of being recalled to their former jobs. To ensure a high level of participation from the subjects, the interviewers emphasized the importance of the study during the invitation call; moreover, the surveys were completed before the subjects. In addition, the participants received a gift after completing the survey. To test the hypotheses, the multiple regression mediation approach suggested by Wen Zhonglin （2004） was employed. The multiple regression mediation analysis involves a series of regression equations. In the first step, the hypothesized independent variables were used to predict the hypothesized outcome variables. The hypothesized mediator was then regressed on the hypothesized independent variables. Finally, in the last equation, the dependent variables were regressed on the hypothesized independent variables along with the mediator variables. The results indicate the following：（1） external variables do not have predictive effects on job search behavior; however, economic stress and perceived employment opportunities have positive effects on job search intensity but no predictive effects on job search behavior; （2） job-search self-efficacy and employment commitment have positive predictive effects on job-search behavior; in concrete terms, the higher the self-efficacy and employment commitment, the higher the frequency of job search behavior; （3） job-search intensity has a positive influence on job search behavior; （4） job-search intensity acts as a partial mediator between self-efficacy, employment commitment, and job search behavior; moreover, it has no mediating effects between the environmental variables （social support, employment opportunities, and economic stress） and job search behavior. Based on the research results, we conclude that future reemployment counseling methods should not only focus on improving job seekers＇ skills but also consider their job search intensities. We should improve their self-confidence and find suitable opportunities based on their job search intensity; moreover, we should make the reemployment counseling model for unemployed people increasingly humanistic. The provision of social support can accelerate the speed of reemployment success; therefore, we should expand the scope of social support for reemployment.