CAJ | 학술논문

本文对20世纪以来美国教育界影响较大的理论学派作简要评介。在崇尚实用主义的美国，各种学术流派的观点在学校教育的发展历程中均留下了烙印。无论是开心理学研究科学化先河的“行为主义理论”，还是将思维过程定为主要研究目标的“认知发展”论述；无论是建构主义的“教育即生活”和“最近发展区”理念，还是独树一帜的对儿童智慧开发做出创造性贡献的“多元智能”理念，都对美国乃至世界的学校教育发挥了巨大的作用。尽管对种种理论的研究褒贬不一，但是，笔者认为在教学实践中，为了满足每一个学习者的需要，它们可以兼容并蓄，同异并存。
본문대20세기이래미국교육계영향교대적이론학파작간요평개。재숭상실용주의적미국，각충학술류파적관점재학교교육적발전역정중균류하료락인。무론시개심이학연구과학화선하적“행위주의이론”，환시장사유과정정위주요연구목표적“인지발전”논술；무론시건구주의적“교육즉생활”화“최근발전구”이념，환시독수일치적대인동지혜개발주출창조성공헌적“다원지능”이념，도대미국내지세계적학교교육발휘료거대적작용。진관대충충이론적연구포폄불일，단시，필자인위재교학실천중，위료만족매일개학습자적수요，타문가이겸용병축，동이병존。
This paper discusses and analyzes the most influential theories in education of the United States since the early 20th century. While pragmatism is always highly recognized in the United States, different schools of theory have created their landmarks in education and classroon instruction. Among them not only is “behaviornism”that has inspired the early psychological research,but also “cognitism”that emphasizes thinking process and knowledge construction in its research. In addition to the constructive concepts of “education is life itself” and the development of the “zone of proximal development”, this paper also includes the contributions of Multiple Intelligence Theory that nurtures children＇s creative thinking . All of these theories have been played an important role in American education as well as in the education of the world. Although pros and cons exist in the research, the authors believe that all educational theories can be integrated and practiced to meet each indi- vidual learner＇s needs.