CAJ | 학술논문

由于礼书及其他先秦文献记载零星、散乱，使两周时期宗法制度下的贵族马车驾马数问题成为千年讼案。自汉至清，经学家各自依据不同的文献而提出两种不同的驾马制度：一是《王度记》中的“天子驾六，诸侯与卿驾四，大夫驾三，士驾二，庶人驾一”；二是古《毛诗》中“天子至大夫同驾四，士驾二”。研究者围绕两周贵族的驾马问题、特别是“天子驾数”，从浩如烟海的文献典籍中为自己的立论寻找依据。两千年来，先儒花费了大量的心血和气力，问题始终没有得到解决。近代以来史学家考古家虽然在研究方法上有所进步，但是仍然没有走出经学研究的巢臼。综观二千年来的研究，最根本的原因在于对有关文献记载把握和认识的差异，以至于影响到对考古发现的判断。
유우례서급기타선진문헌기재령성、산란，사량주시기종법제도하적귀족마차가마수문제성위천년송안。자한지청，경학가각자의거불동적문헌이제출량충불동적가마제도：일시《왕도기》중적“천자가륙，제후여경가사，대부가삼，사가이，서인가일”；이시고《모시》중“천자지대부동가사，사가이”。연구자위요량주귀족적가마문제、특별시“천자가수”，종호여연해적문헌전적중위자기적립론심조의거。량천년래，선유화비료대량적심혈화기력，문제시종몰유득도해결。근대이래사학가고고가수연재연구방법상유소진보，단시잉연몰유주출경학연구적소구。종관이천년래적연구，최근본적원인재우대유관문헌기재파악화인식적차이，이지우영향도대고고발현적판단。
As a result of the sporadic and dishevelled literatures in history, how many horses pull single carriage that aristocrats took in patriarchal clan system in the period between the East and West dynasties has been a case for more than thousands of years. From Han dynasty to Qing dynasty, reseachers put forward two different systems according to the different literature. In the book Wangdu＇s notes,＂an emperor took a six-horses carriage, a seigneur took a four-horses carriage, Daifu took a three-horses carriage, a scholar took a two-horses carriage, plebeian took a one-horse carriage. ＂ In Mao＇s Peoms, from an emperor to Daifu took a four-horses carriage, a scholar took a two-horses carriage. Researchers had searched gists for making a point on how many horses took single carriage that aristocrats took in the tremendous amount of literatures. Two thousand years passed by, Confucian spent vast painstaking effort and strength on it, but they didn＇t solve it all the time. Making a comprehensive view two thousand years researches, researchers didn＇t have correct judgements about archaeological diseoverings because they had different understanding about relating literatures. The paper has summarized previous researehers＇harvests, and maked a consideration on the pendent and controversial causes.