CAJ | 학술논문

思想史上的大问题总会引发不同时代的思想者的探究。生活年代相距甚远的奥古斯丁和孟德斯鸠关于罗马异教就有一场辩驳。问题的焦点表面上是异教与基督教谁应对古罗马的衰败负责。实则是宗教与城邦的关系。奥古斯丁主张借用古希腊哲学中的理性因素把罗马与其本土宗教分离开来。沿此思路发展的基督教在后世造成神权对人的压抑、信仰与城邦的冲突。孟德斯鸠一方面接续理性传统，另一方面借罗马异教猛烈地抨击基督教。作为启蒙运动的先驱，他埋下了城邦去除宗教、信仰缺失的隐患。这场关于罗马异教的争论实际上有三方，古典宗教学者瓦罗隐在背后，其观点与奥古斯丁、孟德斯鸠都不同。
사상사상적대문제총회인발불동시대적사상자적탐구。생활년대상거심원적오고사정화맹덕사구관우라마이교취유일장변박。문제적초점표면상시이교여기독교수응대고라마적쇠패부책。실칙시종교여성방적관계。오고사정주장차용고희석철학중적이성인소파라마여기본토종교분리개래。연차사로발전적기독교재후세조성신권대인적압억、신앙여성방적충돌。맹덕사구일방면접속이성전통，령일방면차라마이교맹렬지평격기독교。작위계몽운동적선구，타매하료성방거제종교、신앙결실적은환。저장관우라마이교적쟁론실제상유삼방，고전종교학자와라은재배후，기관점여오고사정、맹덕사구도불동。
An important issue in the history of ideas has often been researched by thinkers in different ages. Augustine and Montesquieu have a gap of 1300 years, but they are disputing about paganism in ancient Rome. Their focus seems to be who is responsible for Rome＇s ruin, but actually the relation of religion and polls. Augustine argues that Rome shall be cut off with it＇s own religion by the logos in Athens＂ philosophy, resulting in Christianity＇s oppression upon man and the conflict between religion and polis. Following the tradition of logos, Montesquieu attacks Christianity with the mask of Roman paganism. As the forerunner in Enlightenment, Montesquieu hides a danger for human beings to live in a city without religion. There are actually three sides in the argument with the classic scholar Varro standing in a different position from Augustine and Montesquieu.