CAJ | 학술논문

本文报告了新近发展的跨文化（中国人）个性测量表-青少年版（CPAI—A）对香港中学生人格特征的性别差异评估结果。CPAI-A是在CPAI-2（成人版）基础上发展而来的。研究发现性别是影响香港中学生人格特质的关键因素，并且性别差异在不同年龄组之间存在明显的延续性和发展性趋势。结合对已有研究的比较分析，文章从发展角度讨论了人格特质的性别差异特性在青少年不同年龄组之间的情形。文章还基于CPAI-2中国人常模的数据，比较分析了青少年与成人之间人格特征性别差异的特点。文章最后认为性别差异特征是体现人格特质在青少年期的不同年龄阶段，以及从青少年到成人阶段的发展性与稳定性的重要内容。
본문보고료신근발전적과문화（중국인）개성측량표-청소년판（CPAI—A）대향항중학생인격특정적성별차이평고결과。CPAI-A시재CPAI-2（성인판）기출상발전이래적。연구발현성별시영향향항중학생인격특질적관건인소，병차성별차이재불동년령조지간존재명현적연속성화발전성추세。결합대이유연구적비교분석，문장종발전각도토론료인격특질적성별차이특성재청소년불동년령조지간적정형。문장환기우CPAI-2중국인상모적수거，비교분석료청소년여성인지간인격특정성별차이적특점。문장최후인위성별차이특정시체현인격특질재청소년기적불동년령계단，이급종청소년도성인계단적발전성여은정성적중요내용。
Gender difference has been studied extensively in the field of personality. Many studies have demonstrated significant gender difference in personality traits （e. g, self-esteem, extraversion） among people from different age groups and cultural contexts. Although the stabilities and changes of personality structure from adolescence to adulthood have also been investigated, few studies have explored gender difference in personality traits from a developmental perspective . This paper compared gender difference in the Cross-cultural （Chinese） Personality Assessment Inventory -- Adolescent Version （CPAI-A） among three age groups of secondary school students in Hong Kong. The CPAI-A was based on the adult version of the CPAI-2 which was developed using a combined emic-etic approach. The participants were 2,506 （1135 males, 1371 females）Hong Kong secondary school students aged 12 to 18 （M = 15.25, SD = 1.72） drawn from a representative sample of secondary schools. The participants were divided into three age groups which corresponded to the phases of the secondary school system in Hong Kong： 12 - 14 years, 15 - 16 years, and 17- 18 years. We used MANOVA to examine the overall group differences, followed by further univariate analysis to examine the specific gender difference in personality traits among three age groups. The results indicated that gender was a key factor that contributed to group difference in personality traits among secondary school students in Hong Kong. Three typical developmental features of gender difference in personality traits were found：（1） There were consistent gender differences in some general and clinical personality traits across the three groups. For example, male students scored significantly higher on the scales of Enterprise, Optimism vs. Pessimism, Ah-Q Mentality, and Antisocial Behavior than did their females counterparts. （2） An increasing or decreasing trend was observed for some general and clinical personality traits. For instance, gender differences in Leadership, Ren Qing, and Alienation increased with age, but those in Discipline and Family Orientation, and Depression decreased from lower age group to higher group. （3） Changing patterns of gender differences were observed in some general personality traits. For example, a ＂V＂ curve of gender difference in Novelty and Graciousness vs. Meanness was found with significant gender difference observed in the 12 - 14 age group and again in the 17 - 18 age group, but insignificant in the middle age group （15 - 16 years）. Given the continuity between the CPAI-2 and the CAPI-A which was developed based on the CPAI-2 （adult version）, patterns of gender difference in personality found in the CPAI-A were also compared with those found in adults from the CPAI-2 standardization study. The stabilities and changes in the development of gender difference across different age groups of secondary school students and from adolescence to adulthood were discussed. The study highlighted the development of gender difference as one of the important aspects in personality development.