CAJ | 학술논문

秦朝作为我国第一个统一的君主专制帝国，之所以成于法家，也败于法家，是因为商鞅和韩非两位法家代表对政治和谐在法治走向公平过程中的价值认识和处理方式不同，即在法与权、君与臣、治与力三对关系的处理上出现重大分野所致。在法与权的关系上，商、韩二人一个奉行的是“中法”式独断，强调“任法而治”，一个选择了“不共”式独断，强调君权第一，从法第二。两种君权独尊路径的不同导致法与权关系和谐的相异，最终使商鞅造就盛世，韩非导入暴政。在君与臣的关系上，商鞅强调以法治臣，提倡君臣合作，共同治理国家，使秦国获得强国富民所需的和谐的政治关系与稳定的政治秩序。韩非强调君臣利益的对立，坚持以术御臣，造成君臣关系的极度紧张，严重破坏了国家政治机器中的自我调整、自我纠错的公平和谐发展机制。在治与力的关系上，商鞅注重以法生国家之力，使秦走上了一条“刑生力，力生强”，“强必王”的变法成功之路。韩非注重以君主之术，生君权之力．最终失去了生力的重要源泉——臣心与民心。由此启示我们：要构建以民主法治和公平正义为首要特征的社会主义和谐社会．就应该把法治与公平放入政治和谐的视野中加以研究解决，而不能就法治谈法治，就公平谈公平，只有政治和谐发展，法治才能走向公平，公平才能得到最大实现。
진조작위아국제일개통일적군주전제제국，지소이성우법가，야패우법가，시인위상앙화한비량위법가대표대정치화해재법치주향공평과정중적개치인식화처리방식불동，즉재법여권、군여신、치여력삼대관계적처리상출현중대분야소치。재법여권적관계상，상、한이인일개봉행적시“중법”식독단，강조“임법이치”，일개선택료“불공”식독단，강조군권제일，종법제이。량충군권독존로경적불동도치법여권관계화해적상이，최종사상앙조취성세，한비도입폭정。재군여신적관계상，상앙강조이법치신，제창군신합작，공동치리국가，사진국획득강국부민소수적화해적정치관계여은정적정치질서。한비강조군신이익적대립，견지이술어신，조성군신관계적겁도긴장，엄중파배료국가정치궤기중적자아조정、자아규착적공평화해발전궤제。재치여력적관계상，상앙주중이법생국가지력，사진주상료일조“형생력，력생강”，“강필왕”적변법성공지로。한비주중이군주지술，생군권지력．최종실거료생력적중요원천——신심여민심。유차계시아문：요구건이민주법치화공평정의위수요특정적사회주의화해사회．취응해파법치여공평방입정치화해적시야중가이연구해결，이불능취법치담법치，취공평담공평，지유정치화해발전，법치재능주향공평，공평재능득도최대실현。
As the first united feudal autocratic empire, Qing Dynasty began with its sound legal systems, but also ended with its tyrannical legal systems.Shang Yang and Han Fei,the two representatives of the different periods in the dynasty,differing from each other upon legal fairness in realization of political harmony under respective legal systems, coped in diversified ways with such three relations as that between laws and rights, between emperors and subjects ,and between legal systems and legal power.From Qing Dynasty,we can learn that,in order to establish a socialist harmonious society featuring the following four fac- tors ： democracy, law, fairness and justice, we should combine law with legal fairness in the scope of political harmony, rather than take law for the sake of law, and take legal fairness for the sake of fairness.In conclusion,only under the development：of political harmony, can we lead our legal systems to fairness, and can we realize fairness to the greatest extent.