CAJ | 학술논문

为了研究汉代铸钱铜范的性能与铸钱工艺，对汉代铸钱金属范的出土概况进行统计，可知：单直浇道阶梯浇注式是汉代铸钱金属范的主要铸型。金属范的尺寸随着时间推移有一个逐渐增大又逐渐减小的发展过程，发展的高峰期在西汉中晚期上林三官专铸五铢时期。西汉早期，金属范以2行钱币型腔为主；西汉中期，金属范以2行或4行钱币型腔为主；西汉中晚期和王莽时期，金属范发展到4行或6行钱模，以6行钱币型腔为主；东汉时期，金属范又转为以2行钱币型腔为主。在对汉代铸钱金属范的出土概况进行统计后，以上海博物馆收藏的铜范为基础，对部分汉代铜范进行了X射线荧光表面成分分析，在金相显微镜下进行了金属相结构分析，并通过扫描电镜能谱分析了金属范的基体成分。分析结果表明：1）西汉早-中期金属范的成分变化较大；西汉中期-东汉时期，五铢金属范中锡含量较低，在一定的范围内变化，但铅含量的变化范围较大；王莽时期，金属范的成分比较一致。高铅低锡青铜是汉代铸钱金属范所采用的一种主要成分。2）金属范的基体组织以α固溶体＋Pb为主，使金属范具有较好的塑性和致密度。即使是反复地使用，组织中仍保留着铸态组织，表明金属范未受到长时间的高温加热。在金属范的铸钱过程中使用了表面涂层以减轻金属范的受热程度，达到保护金属范的目的。
위료연구한대주전동범적성능여주전공예，대한대주전금속범적출토개황진행통계，가지：단직요도계제요주식시한대주전금속범적주요주형。금속범적척촌수착시간추이유일개축점증대우축점감소적발전과정，발전적고봉기재서한중만기상림삼관전주오수시기。서한조기，금속범이2행전폐형강위주；서한중기，금속범이2행혹4행전폐형강위주；서한중만기화왕망시기，금속범발전도4행혹6행전모，이6행전폐형강위주；동한시기，금속범우전위이2행전폐형강위주。재대한대주전금속범적출토개황진행통계후，이상해박물관수장적동범위기출，대부분한대동범진행료X사선형광표면성분분석，재금상현미경하진행료금속상결구분석，병통과소묘전경능보분석료금속범적기체성분。분석결과표명：1）서한조-중기금속범적성분변화교대；서한중기-동한시기，오수금속범중석함량교저，재일정적범위내변화，단연함량적변화범위교대；왕망시기，금속범적성분비교일치。고연저석청동시한대주전금속범소채용적일충주요성분。2）금속범적기체조직이α고용체＋Pb위주，사금속범구유교호적소성화치밀도。즉사시반복지사용，조직중잉보류착주태조직，표명금속범미수도장시간적고온가열。재금속범적주전과정중사용료표면도층이감경금속범적수열정도，체도보호금속범적목적。
More than one hundred bronze molds for casting bronze coins of Han dynasty （206B. C. - A. D. 220） have been found in Shaanxi, Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces in China. The most important are the 41 pieces bronze molds for casting Wu Zhu coins unearthed from a kiln in Chencheng, Shaanxi province in 1979. The archaeologists dated them to the Western Han Dynasty between 118 B.C. and 113 B.C. A few bronze molds for casting coins before Qin Dynasty and after Han Dynasty coins was an important casting studied in this paper. technology in Han Dynasty. were found in China. Bronze mold casting for bronze The development and properties of bronze molds were These bronze molds of Han dynasty show that the main style is that with one sprue gate and symmetrically distributing cavities on the both sides of the sprue gate one by one. The bronze - mold size gradually increased from the early Western Han until to the later Western Han and Xin Empire, then decreased. Most of bronze - molds had the two rows coin - cavities in the early Western Han, two and four rows of coin - cavities in the middle Western Han, then four and six rows coin- cavities in the late Western Han and Xin Dynasty. The bronze molds casting for coin came down in the Eastern Han, when most molds had only two rows coin of cavities on the both sprue gate＇s sides. The compositions of 21 bronze - molds were analyzed by XRF, their surfaces corrosion was not cleaned be- cause they are the valuable collection of Shanghai Museum. Consequently, the composition is qualitative, not quantitative. In the copper, tin and lead content distribution diagram, the spots of tin and lead contents scattered in the early Western Han; the 14 molds had a lower tin content and higher lead content, more than 70 percent of lead content are up 20% from the middle Western Han to the Eastern Han ; the spots of tin and lead contents concentrated on a small area in the Xin. So most bronze molds had a lower tin content and a higher lead content in the Han Dynasty. Four samples were removed from the bronze -molds, one from early Western Han, two from late Western Han and one from Eastern Han. Polishing, not etching, the microstructure of samples shows the dendrite structure with ot phase and lead, or ct phase, （ ct ＋ 8） eutectoid and lead under a metallurgical microscope. This kind of structure made the bronze mold with the higher plasticity and density. The molds still kept a dendrite structure after casting bronze coins by hundreds times. It proved these bronze molds kept from a high temperature for a long time. So a coating should be used on the cavity＇s surface to protect the bronze mold.