心理学报
心理學報
심이학보
Acta Psychologica Sinica
2008年
12期
1266~1274
,共null页
赵冬梅 周宗奎 孙晓军 Yeh Hsueh Robert Cohen
趙鼕梅 週宗奎 孫曉軍 Yeh Hsueh Robert Cohen
조동매 주종규 손효군 Yeh Hsueh Robert Cohen
互选友谊 外部攻击 关系攻击 多层线性模型
互選友誼 外部攻擊 關繫攻擊 多層線性模型
호선우의 외부공격 관계공격 다층선성모형
mutual friendship; overt aggression; relational aggression; Hierarchical Linear Model
对小学3、4年级的285名儿童进行了3年追踪调查，分析了儿童分别与男、女生互选友谊数的变化趋势及其在个体间的差异，探讨了外部攻击和关系攻击分别对两类互选友谊数的影响。结果表明：（1）儿童的男、女生互选友谊数在3年时间内都有显著的增加趋势，并表现出显著的性别差异，儿童与同性互选友谊数显著多于他们与异性的互选友谊数，男生与女生互选友谊数的增加速度比女生与女生互选友谊数增加速度慢，儿童与男生的互选友谊数越多，他／她与女生的互选友谊数就越少，表明了性别疏离现象的存在。（2）在控制了关系攻击的影响后，儿童的外部攻击对他们在各时间点测得的与女生的互选友谊数有显著的消极影响，而对他们与男生的互选友谊数影响不显著；在控制了外部攻击的影响后，儿童的关系攻击对他们在各时间点测得的与女生的互选友谊数有显著的积极影响，而对他们与男生的互选友谊数影响不显著。这说明外部攻击和关系攻击对儿童互选友谊数的影响存在性别差异。
對小學3、4年級的285名兒童進行瞭3年追蹤調查，分析瞭兒童分彆與男、女生互選友誼數的變化趨勢及其在箇體間的差異，探討瞭外部攻擊和關繫攻擊分彆對兩類互選友誼數的影響。結果錶明：（1）兒童的男、女生互選友誼數在3年時間內都有顯著的增加趨勢，併錶現齣顯著的性彆差異，兒童與同性互選友誼數顯著多于他們與異性的互選友誼數，男生與女生互選友誼數的增加速度比女生與女生互選友誼數增加速度慢，兒童與男生的互選友誼數越多，他／她與女生的互選友誼數就越少，錶明瞭性彆疏離現象的存在。（2）在控製瞭關繫攻擊的影響後，兒童的外部攻擊對他們在各時間點測得的與女生的互選友誼數有顯著的消極影響，而對他們與男生的互選友誼數影響不顯著；在控製瞭外部攻擊的影響後，兒童的關繫攻擊對他們在各時間點測得的與女生的互選友誼數有顯著的積極影響，而對他們與男生的互選友誼數影響不顯著。這說明外部攻擊和關繫攻擊對兒童互選友誼數的影響存在性彆差異。
대소학3、4년급적285명인동진행료3년추종조사，분석료인동분별여남、녀생호선우의수적변화추세급기재개체간적차이，탐토료외부공격화관계공격분별대량류호선우의수적영향。결과표명：（1）인동적남、녀생호선우의수재3년시간내도유현저적증가추세，병표현출현저적성별차이，인동여동성호선우의수현저다우타문여이성적호선우의수，남생여녀생호선우의수적증가속도비녀생여녀생호선우의수증가속도만，인동여남생적호선우의수월다，타／저여녀생적호선우의수취월소，표명료성별소리현상적존재。（2）재공제료관계공격적영향후，인동적외부공격대타문재각시간점측득적여녀생적호선우의수유현저적소겁영향，이대타문여남생적호선우의수영향불현저；재공제료외부공격적영향후，인동적관계공격대타문재각시간점측득적여녀생적호선우의수유현저적적겁영향，이대타문여남생적호선우의수영향불현저。저설명외부공격화관계공격대인동호선우의수적영향존재성별차이。
A great deal of research documents the importance of relationships such as mutual friends for a child＇s development and the importance of negative behaviors such as aggression for a child＇s maladjustment. However, previous research on peer relations, especially in China, has been limited in two crucial ways： （1） most of the studies have employed crosssectional designs, which precludes directly examining developmental changes; and （2） few studies have analyzed for influences between friendships and aggression. The present research investigated developmental trends and individual differences for children＇s mutual friendship and explored the longitudinal effects of aggressive behavior on children＇s mutual friendship s. Data were collected for 285 students from Grade 3 and Grade 4 in June of 2002, 2003 and 2004. M easures included （1） Friendship Nominations, from which we determined each child＇s number of mutual friends with boys and with girls; and （2） peer nominations for overt aggression and relational aggression behaviors, using the Revised Class Play procedure. The present study employed Hierarchical Linear Model to analyze the longitudinal data. In terms of friendships, results indicated that, as expected, the number of mutual friends increased over time and children had more same sex mutual friends than opposite sex mutual friends. This same sex preference increased more for girls than for boys. For girls, having more mutual friends at the first assessment predicted a faster rate of accumulating mutual friends during the three years. After controlling for the effect of relational aggression, overt aggression had a significantly negative effect on the number of children＇s mutual friends at each time of testing for girls but not for boys. After controlling for the effect of overt aggression, relational aggression had a significantly positive effect on children＇s number of mutual friends for girls at each time of testing, but not for boys These findings confirm an increase of mutual friends over time as well indicate a strong gender segregation in children＇s friendships. Also, aggressive behaviors were not necessarily associated with maladjustment, in that friendships were not negatively affected for children who exhibited gender normative aggressive behaviors.
