CAJ | 학술논문

乾隆十三年详备满文篆书三十二体，并将其中十体应用于玺印谥宝，形成中国历史上字体最多且最富民族特点的民族文篆字与汉文篆字合璧之玺印制度。满文篆字于清代合璧玺印中通用达174年之久，从帝后玺宝到百官印信，其中不乏生造、讹形、脱衍、错位、混体甚至缺文等失误，乾隆时代即现端倪，以降诸帝亦步其踪迹，尤以光绪时为烈，其末年竟然达到无以复加的程度，在极个别的官印中满文篆字俨然形同虚设的装饰点缀，完全丧失了传达信息的功能。
건륭십삼년상비만문전서삼십이체，병장기중십체응용우새인시보，형성중국역사상자체최다차최부민족특점적민족문전자여한문전자합벽지새인제도。만문전자우청대합벽새인중통용체174년지구，종제후새보도백관인신，기중불핍생조、와형、탈연、착위、혼체심지결문등실오，건륭시대즉현단예，이강제제역보기종적，우이광서시위렬，기말년경연체도무이복가적정도，재겁개별적관인중만문전자엄연형동허설적장식점철，완전상실료전체신식적공능。
Among the 32 styles of Manchu Zhuan Characters provided in the 13th Year of Qianlong, 10 of them were used in the Emperors＇ Seals which initiated a writing system both full of ethnic specialty and rich in number written side by side with Chinese Zhuan characters. The Manchu Zhuan Characters were used up to 174 years in jointed royal seals with Manchu and Chinese characters, from the seals of emperor and queen to the officials among which there were no lack of such errors as man - made inventing, wrong form and so on. The situation first appeared in Qianlong Reign, and was traced by the following emperors. It had reached top in Guangxu Reign, especially in his late years, the Manchu Zhuan Characters in several seals had been used merely for show completely loosing the function of communicating information.