系统工程理论与实践
繫統工程理論與實踐
계통공정이론여실천
Systems Engineering—Theory & Practice
2009年
1期
186~191
,共null页
布局 工效评价 驾驶舱 民机 JACK
佈跼 工效評價 駕駛艙 民機 JACK
포국 공효평개 가사창 민궤 JACK
layout; ergonomic assessment; cockpit; civil aircraft; JACK
通过对某型民机驾驶舱的布局进行计算机虚拟工效评价，提出了一种基于虚拟设计的民机驾驶舱工效布局评价方法，利用.wrl格式，实现了民机驾驶舱三维模型在CATIA和JACK环境的转化，关键信息损失较少，不影响工效评价，再通过JACK进行优化处理，以备后续工效评价；参照我国飞行员人体尺寸数据，创建了1％，50％和99％飞行员人体模型，并根据对飞行员访谈确定的适用于民机操作的关节舒适角范围及最舒适驾驶姿势，通过人体模型对民机驾驶舱的虚拟操作，分别评价了驾驶舱内主要设备：座椅、仪表板、遮光罩、方向舵踏板、操纵杆（盘）、中央控制台、顶邵仪表板的布局工效。得到了各设备工效布局评价的结果，并提出了改进建议，这种预先在虚拟设计中进行的布局评价方法，能够将人的因素提前考虑到设计之中，设计出的驾驶舱更加符合以人为中心的设计理念，减少了设计返工带来的周期延长和费用增加问题，大大提高了设计效率。
通過對某型民機駕駛艙的佈跼進行計算機虛擬工效評價，提齣瞭一種基于虛擬設計的民機駕駛艙工效佈跼評價方法，利用.wrl格式，實現瞭民機駕駛艙三維模型在CATIA和JACK環境的轉化，關鍵信息損失較少，不影響工效評價，再通過JACK進行優化處理，以備後續工效評價；參照我國飛行員人體呎吋數據，創建瞭1％，50％和99％飛行員人體模型，併根據對飛行員訪談確定的適用于民機操作的關節舒適角範圍及最舒適駕駛姿勢，通過人體模型對民機駕駛艙的虛擬操作，分彆評價瞭駕駛艙內主要設備：座椅、儀錶闆、遮光罩、方嚮舵踏闆、操縱桿（盤）、中央控製檯、頂邵儀錶闆的佈跼工效。得到瞭各設備工效佈跼評價的結果，併提齣瞭改進建議，這種預先在虛擬設計中進行的佈跼評價方法，能夠將人的因素提前攷慮到設計之中，設計齣的駕駛艙更加符閤以人為中心的設計理唸，減少瞭設計返工帶來的週期延長和費用增加問題，大大提高瞭設計效率。
통과대모형민궤가사창적포국진행계산궤허의공효평개，제출료일충기우허의설계적민궤가사창공효포국평개방법，이용.wrl격식，실현료민궤가사창삼유모형재CATIA화JACK배경적전화，관건신식손실교소，불영향공효평개，재통과JACK진행우화처리，이비후속공효평개；삼조아국비행원인체척촌수거，창건료1％，50％화99％비행원인체모형，병근거대비행원방담학정적괄용우민궤조작적관절서괄각범위급최서괄가사자세，통과인체모형대민궤가사창적허의조작，분별평개료가사창내주요설비：좌의、의표판、차광조、방향타답판、조종간（반）、중앙공제태、정소의표판적포국공효。득도료각설비공효포국평개적결과，병제출료개진건의，저충예선재허의설계중진행적포국평개방법，능구장인적인소제전고필도설계지중，설계출적가사창경가부합이인위중심적설계이념，감소료설계반공대래적주기연장화비용증가문제，대대제고료설계효솔。
An ergonomic assessment method for cockpit layout of civil aircraft based on virtual design was put forward in the paper through evaluation to a certain cockpit. 3D model of cockpit was translated from CATIA to JACK using .wrl format, pivotal information of model was lost less, the translation didn＇t affect ergonomic estimate, then the model was optimized through JACK preparing for later ergonomic appraisement; Human model, built from Chinese pilot of 1%, 50%, 99%, was used in cockpit ergonomic analysis according to Chinese pilot dimensions data, furthermore comfort angel ranges and most comfort posture was built for fit analysis through visiting with pilots, by virtual controlling human model to devices of cockpit, layout assessment was carried out to seat, rudder pedal, stick, lens hood, center console and top panel. Result of appraisement to every device was educed, and some advices for improvement were also given. This layout assessment method carried beforehand in virtual design phase made human factors considered into design in advance, ultimate cockpit would meet design philosophy centered on human, and the problems such as delaying period and increasing expense for doing poorly done work over again were reduced, design efficiency was improved greatly.
