CAJ | 학술논문

为深入贯彻落实《全民健身计划纲要》，了解全国城乡居民参加体育锻炼的基本状况，国家体育总局于2008年1月1日至4月30日在全国范围内，对全国16周岁及以上的城乡居民（不合在校学生）在2007年里参加体育锻炼状况进行调查。就此次调查的主要数据进行分析。分析发现，自我国政府推行《全民健身计划纲要》以来，经过10余年的努力，全国城乡居民对体育锻炼的认识有所提高，体育锻炼的积极性增强，体育锻炼的科学性逐步提高。居民选择体育锻炼项目呈现多样化特点，使得体育锻炼的针对性和健身效果得到加强；居民主要选择附近的公共体育场所参加体育锻炼，初步显现了近年来群众身边体育健身场地建设的成效，大大方便了居民参加体育锻炼；城乡居民体育消费水平持续提高。调查表明，目前我国居民参加体育锻炼中存在亟需解决的问题有：1）生活节奏的加快和工作压力的激增，使得大部分人由于忙于工作而缺乏时间进行体育锻炼；2）体育锻炼场地设施的缺乏仍然是影响城乡居民参加体育锻炼的主要原因；3）居民参加体育锻炼仍以自发性为主，一些活动不能吸引更多居民更持久地参加，居民在体育锻炼过程中依然缺乏有效的科学指导，降低了锻炼的针对性和效果；4）体育锻炼的消费结构不够合理，居民体育消费以购买体育用品等实物消费为主；5）居民参加体育锻炼的城乡差异和区域差异依然存在，其中，城乡差异曼大。
위심입관철락실《전민건신계화강요》，료해전국성향거민삼가체육단련적기본상황，국가체육총국우2008년1월1일지4월30일재전국범위내，대전국16주세급이상적성향거민（불합재교학생）재2007년리삼가체육단련상황진행조사。취차차조사적주요수거진행분석。분석발현，자아국정부추행《전민건신계화강요》이래，경과10여년적노력，전국성향거민대체육단련적인식유소제고，체육단련적적겁성증강，체육단련적과학성축보제고。거민선택체육단련항목정현다양화특점，사득체육단련적침대성화건신효과득도가강；거민주요선택부근적공공체육장소삼가체육단련，초보현현료근년래군음신변체육건신장지건설적성효，대대방편료거민삼가체육단련；성향거민체육소비수평지속제고。조사표명，목전아국거민삼가체육단련중존재극수해결적문제유：1）생활절주적가쾌화공작압력적격증，사득대부분인유우망우공작이결핍시간진행체육단련；2）체육단련장지설시적결핍잉연시영향성향거민삼가체육단련적주요원인；3）거민삼가체육단련잉이자발성위주，일사활동불능흡인경다거민경지구지삼가，거민재체육단련과정중의연결핍유효적과학지도，강저료단련적침대성화효과；4）체육단련적소비결구불구합리，거민체육소비이구매체육용품등실물소비위주；5）거민삼가체육단련적성향차이화구역차이의연존재，기중，성향차이만대。
From Jan 1st to April 30th in 2008, General Administration of Sport of China （GASC） conducted a survey nation-wide on the physical exercise patterns of the residents in urban and rural areas of China, with the aim of exploring the physical exercise patterns of residents in urban and rural areas of China to provide scientific basis for sport policy-making and ensure the sustainable development of sport in China. The result shows that since the implementation of National Fitness Program, the consciousness on physical exercise participation among urban and rural residents has been greatly enhanced, and the motivation has also been aroused. The residents’choice on sport events presents its diversification. People mainly choose the nearby public sports sites to take physical exercise, which shows a preliminary construction achievement of sports field facilities for all the residents in recent years. The convenient facilities not only offer great convenience to nearby residents hut also provide a good guarantee for the residents to form the habit of physical exercise in the long run. Besides, the levels of residents＇ sports expenses in urban and rural areas go on rising. In the meantime, the study indi- cates that there are still urgent problems to be solved about sports participation by Chinese residents. First, more and more social competitions and working pressures prevent most people from participating in sports activities since they are too busy to spare any leisure time. Second, the lack of sports field facilities remains a major factor in affecting residents＇ participation in physical exercises. Thirdly, the common pattern for the residents to participate in physical ex- ercise is still spontaneous ; some of the activities fail to attract more people to take part consistently. The residents are still in lack of effective scientific instructions, which weakens the perti- nence and the fitness effect of physical exercise. Fourthly, the consumption structure is not reasonable enough：residents still focus on the substance consumption such as purchasing sports articles. Fifth, there still exist discrepancies between residents participating in physical exercise in urban and rural areas, and in different regions. According to the results, the discrepancy between urban and rural areas is more significant.