CAJ | 학술논문

在有多人同时说话的嘈杂环境中,为什么具有正常听力的人能在一定的程度上听懂目标语句？研究这个著名的＂鸡尾酒会＂问题的一个新进展是将干扰言语的作用区分出了能量掩蔽和信息掩蔽两种成分。与发生在外周系统的能量掩蔽不同,信息掩蔽发生在心理层次并受到认知过程的调节。因此,主观空间分离、与目标语句节奏相关的视觉信号以及对目标语句某些特征的熟悉程度等知觉线索都具有去掩蔽作用。考察可减少信息掩蔽的知觉线索的交互作用及其高级认知调节是今后重要的研究内容。
재유다인동시설화적조잡배경중,위십요구유정상은력적인능재일정적정도상은동목표어구？연구저개저명적＂계미주회＂문제적일개신진전시장간우언어적작용구분출료능량엄폐화신식엄폐량충성분。여발생재외주계통적능량엄폐불동,신식엄폐발생재심리층차병수도인지과정적조절。인차,주관공간분리、여목표어구절주상관적시각신호이급대목표어구모사특정적숙실정도등지각선색도구유거엄폐작용。고찰가감소신식엄폐적지각선색적교호작용급기고급인지조절시금후중요적연구내용。
In a noisy ＂cocktail-party＂ environment, target speech is masked by different sounds. The masking includes at least two different components： energetic masking and informational masking. Energetic masking occurs when peripheral neural activities elicited by the target signal are overwhelmed by those elicited by the mask signal, leading to a substantially degraded neural representation of the target signal. Informational masking occurs when the target and the masker are similar in some dimensions, such as when they are both speech signals. The similarity leads to a competition for the limited central cognitive processing resources between the target and the masker signal. Thus, the amount of informational masking is not only affected by the bottom-up processes but also modulated by the top-down processes. The effects, which occur at the perceptual level, of the perceived spatial separation, the visual cues such as lip reading and speech-synchronized light flash, and the familiarity with the characteristics of the target signal on releasing target speech from informational masking are summarized. Future research will focus on the interactive effects among these cues and the perceptual processing mechanisms of using different cues to release speech from informational masking.