CAJ | 학술논문

一、以治标为主的传统治水实践及历代学者的反思 1、以治标为主的传统治水实践我国秦汉以来防洪治水的核心活动就是“防御”和“疏导”。其中以下游的筑堤防水最为发达，演变出各种复杂的堤防工程。从早期的单纯防御到明清的筑堤束水，从早期土堤石堤到后来的防御固堤和多样化的埽工，虽然治水的指导方针和技术内容发生了很大变化，但堤防一直是防洪治水的关键手段。
일、이치표위주적전통치수실천급역대학자적반사 1、이치표위주적전통치수실천 아국진한이래방홍치수적핵심활동취시“방어”화“소도”。기중이하유적축제방수최위발체，연변출각충복잡적제방공정。종조기적단순방어도명청적축제속수，종조기토제석제도후래적방어고제화다양화적소공，수연치수적지도방침화기술내용발생료흔대변화，단제방일직시방홍치수적관건수단。
This paper reckons there was an alteration during midlate Qing Dynasty, at which time the problem of population and environment becomes serious, promoting a conspicuous progress in radical treatment of river, methods to solute water-sediment problem. During this time, people recognized the relation of flood, mountain reclamation and population increase, took seriously in the upstream to prevent and control soil erosion. They recognized the relation of flood, marsh reclamation and population increase, reached an agreement of abandoning reclamation to let with the water. Meanwhile, people thought more of restoring river＇s natural state and building a whole picture in river controlling. Regretfully, this trend did not lead to universal practices in late Qing and early time of Republic of China, partly because of the inherent disadvantage of China＇ s traditional science and technology, its ＂practical model＂, which prevents possible approaches just for their long time taking; partly it＇s because of the lack of supporting science and technology.