CAJ | 학술논문

关于两位数的加工方式有整体加工说和局部加工说,实验证据主要来自数字数量控制/主动加工任务。本研究主要考察在数字数量自动加工任务中两位数的加工方式。实验一要求被试完成数量大小比较和物理大小比较两个任务,实验二只要求被试完成物理大小比较任务。结果是在数量比较任务和物理比较任务中都存在显著的个位十位一致性效应和数量物理一致性效应,这表明在两位数的数量主动和自动加工任务中均存在整体加工和局部加工两种方式。
관우량위수적가공방식유정체가공설화국부가공설,실험증거주요래자수자수량공제/주동가공임무。본연구주요고찰재수자수량자동가공임무중량위수적가공방식。실험일요구피시완성수량대소비교화물리대소비교량개임무,실험이지요구피시완성물리대소비교임무。결과시재수량비교임무화물리비교임무중도존재현저적개위십위일치성효응화수량물리일치성효응,저표명재량위수적수량주동화자동가공임무중균존재정체가공화국부가공량충방식。
A great deal of research has been conducted to investigate how people process two-digit numbers. Researchers have found that the time to compare two two-digit numbers decreases logarithmically with the absolute difference of two numbers, which suggests a holistic processing for two-digit numbers. However, some evidence seems to support additional componential processing. A number pair can be defined as compatible if the decade-magnitude comparison and the unit-magnitude comparison of the two numbers lead to the same result （e.g., 23 vs. 78, 2〈7 and 3〈8）, and as incompatible if this is not the case （e.g., 29 vs. 84, 2〈8 but 9〉4）. Subjects took longer to respond the unit-decade-incompatible number pairs than to the unit-decade-compatible number pairs. The unit-decade compatibility effect suggests that the magnitude of the unit digits of numbers in addition to the whole magnitude of the numbers is activated. However, previous studies on two-digit number processing have typically used tasks involving intentional processing of numerical magnitude. To intentionally process two-digit numbers, subjects need to pay attention to decade and unit digits serially or simultaneously, which may lead to componential processing. This study addressed whether componential processing is also involved in unintentional processing of the magnitude of numbers. Stroop-like paradigm was applied. Sixteen undergraduate students participated in Experiment 1. They were asked to compare the physical size of two two-digit numbers, as well as the numerical magnitude of the two numbers （e.g., 23 vs. 78）. Four hundred two-digit pairs consisting of the numbers between 21 and 98 were presented in Arabic notation, excluding numbers that contained 0 as unit （e.g., 30, 40） or the same digits for decade and unit （e.g., 22, 33）. We manipulated the ratio of the physical size of two numbers （i.e., 1∶1.1 vs. 1∶1.2）, the congruency of magnitude size and physical size, and the unit-decade-compatibility. To avoid confounding of the distance and problem size effect, we controlled overall distance and problem size between compatible and incompatible pairs. In addition, we also conducted Experiment 2 to avoid interference of intentional and unintentional processing. Twenty undergraduate students were asked to compare only the physical size of two two-digit numbers. Experimental design and procedure were same as Experiment 1, except the ratio of physical size of two numbers had three levels containing 1∶1.1, 1∶1.25 and 1∶1.5. The results from the magnitude comparison task in Experiment 1 replicated those found in previous studies involving the same tasks. Tasks involving physical size comparison in both Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 showed the effect of magnitude and physical size congruency. The effect supported holistic processing. The unit-decade-compatibility effect was evident for congruent number pairs, but there was no or a reverse effect for incongruent number pairs. In sum, two-digit number processing can be componential as well as holistic in both unintentional and intentional processing of numerical magnitude.