学术月刊
學術月刊
학술월간
Academic Monthly
2009年
8期
68~75
,共null页
土地制度 农村贫困 演进逻辑 制度成因
土地製度 農村貧睏 縯進邏輯 製度成因
토지제도 농촌빈곤 연진라집 제도성인
rural poverty, rural poverty, evolutionary logic, institutional causes
新中国建立六十年来，中国农村土地制度的变迁和农村贫困的消除过程经历了两个阶段：第一阶段是1949年以来的三十年，中国农村经历了从互助组到合作社、人民公社的制度变迁，不同制度安排对于农村贫困的消除带来了不同的绩效。在人民公社制度下，不仅没能消除中国农村的贫困现象，反而使之日益加重。实践表明，必须通过制度变迁才能找到消除中国农村贫困的根本出路，而这一制度变迁是从农民自发性的制度变迁开始突破的，最终，从1978年开始的农村土地经营制度创新——家庭联产承包责任制取代了传统的政社合一的土地制度——人民公社制。第二阶段是改革开放后的三十年，在家庭联产承包责任制下中国农村贫困问题才逐步得到缓解。展望未来，进一步完善家庭联产承包责任制，完善以土地资源为载体的当代中国农村的社会主义市场经济体制，将彻底消除中国农村贫困现象。
新中國建立六十年來，中國農村土地製度的變遷和農村貧睏的消除過程經歷瞭兩箇階段：第一階段是1949年以來的三十年，中國農村經歷瞭從互助組到閤作社、人民公社的製度變遷，不同製度安排對于農村貧睏的消除帶來瞭不同的績效。在人民公社製度下，不僅沒能消除中國農村的貧睏現象，反而使之日益加重。實踐錶明，必鬚通過製度變遷纔能找到消除中國農村貧睏的根本齣路，而這一製度變遷是從農民自髮性的製度變遷開始突破的，最終，從1978年開始的農村土地經營製度創新——傢庭聯產承包責任製取代瞭傳統的政社閤一的土地製度——人民公社製。第二階段是改革開放後的三十年，在傢庭聯產承包責任製下中國農村貧睏問題纔逐步得到緩解。展望未來，進一步完善傢庭聯產承包責任製，完善以土地資源為載體的噹代中國農村的社會主義市場經濟體製，將徹底消除中國農村貧睏現象。
신중국건립륙십년래，중국농촌토지제도적변천화농촌빈곤적소제과정경력료량개계단：제일계단시1949년이래적삼십년，중국농촌경력료종호조조도합작사、인민공사적제도변천，불동제도안배대우농촌빈곤적소제대래료불동적적효。재인민공사제도하，불부몰능소제중국농촌적빈곤현상，반이사지일익가중。실천표명，필수통과제도변천재능조도소제중국농촌빈곤적근본출로，이저일제도변천시종농민자발성적제도변천개시돌파적，최종，종1978년개시적농촌토지경영제도창신——가정련산승포책임제취대료전통적정사합일적토지제도——인민공사제。제이계단시개혁개방후적삼십년，재가정련산승포책임제하중국농촌빈곤문제재축보득도완해。전망미래，진일보완선가정련산승포책임제，완선이토지자원위재체적당대중국농촌적사회주의시장경제체제，장철저소제중국농촌빈곤현상。
Since the PRC has founded for 60 years, the changes of Chinese rural land system and the process of eliminating the rural poverty has experienced two stages. The first stage is the first 30 years since the PRC founded, the institutional change in Chinese rural experienced assistance unit, cooperatives and the people＇s commune system. Different institutional arrangements had brought different performances for the elimination of rural poverty. The people＇s commune system aggravated the poverty in rural China instead of being able to eliminate the poverty. The practice indicated that we can find the fundamental outlet of eliminating the rural poverty in China only through the institutional change, which started to break through from a farmer＇s spontaneous institutional change and ended with an innovation of rural land management system -- the household contract responsibility system which started from 1978. The household contract responsibility system replaced the traditional rural land management system the people＇s commune system which was the political and social unity. The second stage is the 30 years since Reform and Opening-up, thanks to the household contract responsibility system, the problem of Chinese rural poverty gradually eased. At present, China has for- mulated a new development strategy for building a new socialist countryside. It＇s an inevitable choice for eliminating the Chinese rural poverty thoroughly that through further improve the household contract responsibility system and the socialist market economic system in contemporary China＇s rural areas which relies on the land resources as the carrier.
