CAJ | 학술논문

惯用语是固定表达的一种。非构造观点认为，惯用语已经词汇化，惯用语理解是提取过程；构造观点认为，惯用语意义是建构的，成分的字面意义对惯用语理解起重要作用。混合模型认为，惯用语既有整体表征，又有成分单词表征，二者都可以成为表征和通达的单元。通过三个实验，考察了汉语惯用语的产生机制。实验1考察在惯用语产生中是否存在整体表征和成分表征；实验2考察在惯用语产生中是否存在从成分单词或成分词素表征到整体表征的激活；实验3考察在惯用语产生中是否存在从整体表征到成分单词或成分词素的激活。结果表明：（1）汉语惯用语属于混合表征，既有整体表征，又有成分单词、成分词素表征；（2）成分词素表征是惯用语整体表征和成分单词表征联结的桥梁；（3）语义可分性影响惯用语表征。
관용어시고정표체적일충。비구조관점인위，관용어이경사회화，관용어리해시제취과정；구조관점인위，관용어의의시건구적，성분적자면의의대관용어리해기중요작용。혼합모형인위，관용어기유정체표정，우유성분단사표정，이자도가이성위표정화통체적단원。통과삼개실험，고찰료한어관용어적산생궤제。실험1고찰재관용어산생중시부존재정체표정화성분표정；실험2고찰재관용어산생중시부존재종성분단사혹성분사소표정도정체표정적격활；실험3고찰재관용어산생중시부존재종정체표정도성분단사혹성분사소적격활。결과표명：（1）한어관용어속우혼합표정，기유정체표정，우유성분단사、성분사소표정；（2）성분사소표정시관용어정체표정화성분단사표정련결적교량；（3）어의가분성영향관용어표정。
Idioms are one kind of the fixed expressions. The literal meanings of these phrases do not suggest their figurative meanings. Research on idioms has served scholars to form two completely opposite viewpoints about the comprehensional mechanism of idioms： noncompositional view and compositional view. On the noncompositional view, idioms have been lexicalized, and considered as long ＂words＂. Therefore, comprehending idioms, in this point of view, is a process of retrieval. By contrast, the compositional view suggests that the metaphoric meanings of idioms can be constructed in comprehension. The literal meaning of compositions within a word has a great influence on the process of comprehension of idioms. Given the limitation of the two views, a number of researchers have proposed a mixed model. That is, access representation is considered as a process in terms of both single words and morphemes within an idiom, which probably become the representational and accessional units when each unit interacts on one another during the comprehension. This study made further research on lexcical access during the production of idiomatic phrases by three experiments. Experiment 1 explored the activations of the representations of idioms, single words, and morphemes. Main effects of types of priming （i.e., related priming v.s. unrelated priming） were found in all experimental conditions; in contrast, main effects of the types of phrases （i.e., idioms v.s. regular phrases） were found only when the representations of idioms and single words were activated. Such results mainly supported the mixed model that representations of idioms and single words can be both activated during comprehension. Experiment 2 investigated the influences from the activation of single words and the morphemes during producing Chinese idioms. Participants were instructed to fulfill the idioms with either single words or morphemes. The morphemes were more likely activated during such a process. Results indicated the ＂morpheme to idiom＂ activation in Chinese idioms production, but the ＂single word to idiom＂ activation was not found in the process. Experiment 3 probed into the activation of compositional literal meanings in the production of Chinese idiomatic phrases and discussed the ＂idiom to morpheme＂ activation in Chinese idioms production. According to the results of Experiment 2 and 3, the following conclusions can be made： both ＂morpheme to idiom＂ and ＂id- iom to morpheme＂ activations exist in Chinese idioms production; in addition, the ＂idiom to morpheme＂ activation is more easy than ＂morpheme to idiom＂ in such a process. In short：（1） the representations of idioms are hybrid, idioms can be either unitary in that they require their own lexical entry, or compositional in that they make use of simple lemmas in the mental lexicon; （2） the representation of morphemes is the linking bridge between the representation of idioms and the representation of words; （3） decomposability of idioms has an influence on the productive process of idioms. On the basis of experimental discoveries about Chinese idioms, a new model of the Chinese idiom production was proposed.