CAJ | 학술논문

本质主义比逻各斯主义更能精准地揭示西方古典哲学思维方式的特质。本质主义的思维方式认定并相信任何事物都有一个深藏在其外在形态之中的本质，从而把揭示事物的本质视为哲学认识的目的，把反映事物本质的知识称作真知识，而视其他知识为意见或谬误。柏拉图的“型相实在论”确立了一个求真和求实的基本思维模式。西塞罗接受了柏拉图的本质主义，为希腊哲学思维在罗马世界的普及和运用，为西方本质主义的思维方式的拉丁化做了关键性的转化工作。奥古斯丁注重内在意识确定性的阐发，使西方本质主义的思维方式内化，昭示了西方哲学下一步发展的方向。柏拉图、西塞罗、奥古斯丁三位哲学家最适宜充当西方古典哲学主流精神发展的三根标杆。
본질주의비라각사주의경능정준지게시서방고전철학사유방식적특질。본질주의적사유방식인정병상신임하사물도유일개심장재기외재형태지중적본질，종이파게시사물적본질시위철학인식적목적，파반영사물본질적지식칭작진지식，이시기타지식위의견혹류오。백랍도적“형상실재론”학립료일개구진화구실적기본사유모식。서새라접수료백랍도적본질주의，위희석철학사유재라마세계적보급화운용，위서방본질주의적사유방식적랍정화주료관건성적전화공작。오고사정주중내재의식학정성적천발，사서방본질주의적사유방식내화，소시료서방철학하일보발전적방향。백랍도、서새라、오고사정삼위철학가최괄의충당서방고전철학주류정신발전적삼근표간。
Essentialism is a word better than logos-ism to be used to expound the basic character of mode of thinking in Western ancient philosophy. It believes and affirms that there is an essence which is deeply concealed in the external body of all things, so that it is the purpose of philosophical investi- gation to reveal the essence, the knowledge which reflected the essence is true and real and the others is false and not real. Plato＇s theory of forms established a basic mode of thinking to seek true and re- al. Cicero accepted Plato＇s theory and used it to every branch of learning. He successfully transformed the Greek essentialism into Latin culture, made it popular and expanded in the Roman world. Augustine put an effort on the certainty of inner consciousness, which ted later philosopher to work continually to this direction. Plato, Cicero and Augustine fit to be three mark poles of the development of Western essentialism.