CAJ | 학술논문

城镇化的核心是农村剩余劳动力向城镇转移，与国外三条城镇化道路相比，渐进性农民工市场化是第四条、适合国情的、具有中国特色的可行的城镇化道路。其主要特征是市场化流动、农村剩余人口自愿入城、诱致性制度跟进、宏观调控下有序转移和二阶段渐进。农民工市民化的城镇化道路不仅可能而且可行。农民工市民化在我国城镇化指标中占主导地位，只需将农民工全部或者绝大部分转化为市民，就能赶上和超过发达国家人口城镇化水平。从制度层面来看，中国城镇化道路面临的主要障碍是农民工市民化的制度障碍，主要表现在：城镇化制度创新的悖论、农民工身份户籍制度、教育制度和社会保障制度等。中国特色的城镇化的政策思路应当是坚持科学发展观，根据我国工业化、城镇化、社会和谐、财政分担能力和城镇人口容量，发挥市场机制基础作用，采取诱致性渐进性的制度改革，消除制度障碍，在宏观调控下，积极稳妥、有步骤分阶段逐步推动农民工市民化，实现公共资源和社会福利分配的帕累托改进甚至最优。
성진화적핵심시농촌잉여노동력향성진전이，여국외삼조성진화도로상비，점진성농민공시장화시제사조、괄합국정적、구유중국특색적가행적성진화도로。기주요특정시시장화류동、농촌잉여인구자원입성、유치성제도근진、굉관조공하유서전이화이계단점진。농민공시민화적성진화도로불부가능이차가행。농민공시민화재아국성진화지표중점주도지위，지수장농민공전부혹자절대부분전화위시민，취능간상화초과발체국가인구성진화수평。종제도층면래간，중국성진화도로면림적주요장애시농민공시민화적제도장애，주요표현재：성진화제도창신적패론、농민공신빈호적제도、교육제도화사회보장제도등。중국특색적성진화적정책사로응당시견지과학발전관，근거아국공업화、성진화、사회화해、재정분담능력화성진인구용량，발휘시장궤제기출작용，채취유치성점진성적제도개혁，소제제도장애，재굉관조공하，적겁은타、유보취분계단축보추동농민공시민화，실현공공자원화사회복리분배적파루탁개진심지최우。
The core of urbanization is that the rural surplus population＇ s migration to the urban. Gradual citizenization of peasant workers, different from three urbanization roads abroad, is the new feasible urbanization road with China＇s characteristics to be fit to the condition of China, which characteristics are labors＇s migration from rural to urban under market machine, the rural surplus population＇s voluntary migration to the urban, induced institutional reforms, labors＇s migration in order, gradually and in two stage from rural to urban under the macro-control. The urbanization road of citizenization of peasant workers is possible and feasible because the citizenship of migrant workers and their family account for the dominant ratio of population urbanization so that peasant workers transform all or in part from peasant to citizenship so that ratio of china＇s population urbanization may surpass one of developed country. Facing principal barriers of urbanization in China are institutional barriers of migrant peasant laborers, such as the paradox of institutional innovation of the urbanization, household registration that can hinder a migrant peasant worker to get a citizenship, education institution that make migrant peasant worker get low quality and low income ability, and social security regulations. The urbanization policy with Chinese characteristics should be that a foundational role of market machine be taken fully, gradually and induced institution innovation be taken to remove barriers of the migrant peasant workers citizenship, peasant workers migrate and get citizenship in order, positive, steadily and step by step and in two stage from rural to urban under the macro-control, for Pareto optimality or better of social welfare, on scientific development outlook be insist, human-oriented concept and unity of urban and rural development and of industrial and agricultural development, fully considering both citizen and migrant peasant worker, according to industrialization, urbanization, harmonious society, financial ability and urban capacity.