CAJ | 학술논문

人力资本在进口关联R＆D溢出中扮演着十分重要的角色。国外文献用来检验人力资本这种角色的方法主要有：人力资本与技术进口变量的交互效应分析法，它直接用技术进口变量作为外国R＆D溢出的度量，所得的结果是混合的；人力资本与外国R＆D存量的交互效应分析法，它对溢出的外国R8LD存量规模直接进行计算，所得的结果同样是混合的；吸收能力测定法，它通过对吸收能力进行直接测定来完成人力资本角色的检验，其结果表明教育水平对提高吸收能力具有重要作用；案例研究法，它提供的是一个计算机技术跨国溢出的案例研究，其最稳健的发现是高教育水平是计算机技术溢出的重要决定因素；门槛回归法，它应用特定的非线性内生门槛回归模型对人力资本的角色进行分析，所得的结果表明人力资本在进口关联R＆D溢出中可以作为门槛变量而起作用。未来的研究可以从改进相关变量的度量方法、关注R＆D溢出对人力资本的逆向影响和完善模型估计技术等方面人手对现有文献进行拓展。
인력자본재진구관련R＆D일출중분연착십분중요적각색。국외문헌용래검험인력자본저충각색적방법주요유：인력자본여기술진구변량적교호효응분석법，타직접용기술진구변량작위외국R＆D일출적도량，소득적결과시혼합적；인력자본여외국R＆D존량적교호효응분석법，타대일출적외국R8LD존량규모직접진행계산，소득적결과동양시혼합적；흡수능력측정법，타통과대흡수능력진행직접측정래완성인력자본각색적검험，기결과표명교육수평대제고흡수능력구유중요작용；안례연구법，타제공적시일개계산궤기술과국일출적안례연구，기최은건적발현시고교육수평시계산궤기술일출적중요결정인소；문함회귀법，타응용특정적비선성내생문함회귀모형대인력자본적각색진행분석，소득적결과표명인력자본재진구관련R＆D일출중가이작위문함변량이기작용。미래적연구가이종개진상관변량적도량방법、관주R＆D일출대인력자본적역향영향화완선모형고계기술등방면인수대현유문헌진행탁전。
Human capital plays a very important role in the import related R＆D spillovers. In foreign literature, methods employed in analyzing the role of human capital in R＆D spillovers often involve the following ones. Analysis of interaction effects between human capital and technology import variables： it measures the size of foreign R＆D spillovers by directly using technology import variables. Its results are ambiguous. Analysis of interaction effects between human capital and foreign R＆D stock： it directly calculates the size of foreign R＆D stock, Its results are ambiguous likewise. Estimating absorptive capability： it directly estimates the size of the absorptive capability to investigate the role of human capital. Its results indicate that raising the education level in developing countries is very conducive to improving their absorptive capability. Case study： it presents a case about the spread and spillover of computer technology across countries. One of the most robust findings of this method is that high levels of education attainment are important determinants of computer technology spillovers. Threshold regression： it analyzes the threshold effect of human capital on the import related R＆D spillovers by applying a special endogenous nonlinear threshold regression model. Its findings suggest that human capital may function as a so-called threshold variable in the import related R＆D spillovers. In order to spread existing literature, future research can start with such aspects as improving the measure of variables, paying attention to adverse effects that international technology spillovers exert on the human capital, modifying the technology by which the model is estimated, and so on.