旅游学刊
旅遊學刊
여유학간
Tourism Tribune
2010年
1期
17~25
,共null页
旅游可持续性 评估模型 指标体系 古村落 宏村
旅遊可持續性 評估模型 指標體繫 古村落 宏村
여유가지속성 평고모형 지표체계 고촌락 굉촌
tourism sustainability; assessment model; index system ; ancient village; Hongcun
进入21世纪，全国掀起了古村落旅游热潮，古村落成为旅游开发的重点。寻求古村落遗产保护和旅游发展的“双赢”之路、探索古村落旅游可持续发展成为旅游学术界和业界的共同任务。本文在库（Ko）构建的旅游可持续性评估理论框架的基础上，展开了古村落旅游可持续性的评估模型及其实证研究。古村落旅游可持续性评估模型包括人文系统和生态系统两大部分，其中人文系统包括社会文化发展、经济发展、古建筑保护状况、社会政策、旅游服务与质量等5个维度，生态系统包括总体环境感知、生态系统质量、环境政策与管理水平等3个维度，总共有32个具体量测指标。利用该模型对世界文化遗产宏村进行了实证研究，结果表明：①从整体上看，宏村旅游发展处于潜在可持续状态之中，旅游开发活动并未危及其健康持续发展；②从具体指标的旅游可持续性水平上看，宏村目前绝大多数指标均处于潜在可持续以上状态，仅在“社区参与与管理水平”、“利益分配的公平性”两个指标上处于潜在不可持续状态，由于这两个指标不是环境、生态等基础性因子，可以通过调整政策和管理模式来进行优化。
進入21世紀，全國掀起瞭古村落旅遊熱潮，古村落成為旅遊開髮的重點。尋求古村落遺產保護和旅遊髮展的“雙贏”之路、探索古村落旅遊可持續髮展成為旅遊學術界和業界的共同任務。本文在庫（Ko）構建的旅遊可持續性評估理論框架的基礎上，展開瞭古村落旅遊可持續性的評估模型及其實證研究。古村落旅遊可持續性評估模型包括人文繫統和生態繫統兩大部分，其中人文繫統包括社會文化髮展、經濟髮展、古建築保護狀況、社會政策、旅遊服務與質量等5箇維度，生態繫統包括總體環境感知、生態繫統質量、環境政策與管理水平等3箇維度，總共有32箇具體量測指標。利用該模型對世界文化遺產宏村進行瞭實證研究，結果錶明：①從整體上看，宏村旅遊髮展處于潛在可持續狀態之中，旅遊開髮活動併未危及其健康持續髮展；②從具體指標的旅遊可持續性水平上看，宏村目前絕大多數指標均處于潛在可持續以上狀態，僅在“社區參與與管理水平”、“利益分配的公平性”兩箇指標上處于潛在不可持續狀態，由于這兩箇指標不是環境、生態等基礎性因子，可以通過調整政策和管理模式來進行優化。
진입21세기，전국흔기료고촌락여유열조，고촌락성위여유개발적중점。심구고촌락유산보호화여유발전적“쌍영”지로、탐색고촌락여유가지속발전성위여유학술계화업계적공동임무。본문재고（Ko）구건적여유가지속성평고이론광가적기출상，전개료고촌락여유가지속성적평고모형급기실증연구。고촌락여유가지속성평고모형포괄인문계통화생태계통량대부분，기중인문계통포괄사회문화발전、경제발전、고건축보호상황、사회정책、여유복무여질량등5개유도，생태계통포괄총체배경감지、생태계통질량、배경정책여관리수평등3개유도，총공유32개구체량측지표。이용해모형대세계문화유산굉촌진행료실증연구，결과표명：①종정체상간，굉촌여유발전처우잠재가지속상태지중，여유개발활동병미위급기건강지속발전；②종구체지표적여유가지속성수평상간，굉촌목전절대다수지표균처우잠재가지속이상상태，부재“사구삼여여관리수평”、“이익분배적공평성”량개지표상처우잠재불가지속상태，유우저량개지표불시배경、생태등기출성인자，가이통과조정정책화관리모식래진행우화。
A new ursurge of ancient village travel is underway nationwide in the 21st century. Ancient village has become the focal point of tourism development. It has been the common task of both academic and industrial circles to seek the ＂win-win＂ path of heritage protection and tourism development and explore the sustainable development of ancient village travel. The paper, based on the framework of assessment theory of tourism sustainability constructed by Tae Gyou Ko, makes an empirical study of assessment model which consists of humane system and ecosystem. Humane system includes five dimensions of sociocultural development, economic development, protection of ancient architecture, social policy and tourism service and quality. Ecosystem includes three dimensions of overall environmental perception,ecosystem quality; environmental policy and managerial level. There are altogether 32 concrete indices. We make an empirical study on world cultural heritage site Hongcun by applying this model. The result indicates. 1. Overall, tourism development in Hongcun is under potential and sustainable situation. The tourism development activities do not harm its healthy and sustainable development. 2. Most of the indices in Hongcun are above the potential and sustainable development. Only two indices ＂community participation and managerial level ＂ and ＂justice of interest distribution＂ are under potential but unsustainable state＂. Since these two indices are not basic factors such as environment and ecology, they can be optimized through adjusting policy and managerial mode.
