CAJ | 학술논문

科学研究的核心在于理论的建构与验证。基于社会认同和群际关系研究的经验，本文提出了建构与验证心理学理论的四步方法：1）选择现象——观察我们身边及周围世界所发生的事件；2）寻找关键共性——厘定不同事件间的共同成份；3）抽象化（理论化）——提取关键共性中潜存的基本心理过程，并将其与已有的或者最新的理论相联系；4）验证假设——利用实验反复地验证理论。以上四个步骤引导着研究者针对现实生活中的社会事件展开科学研究。文章将以等级身份、身份霸权和桥梁身份等研究为例阐明上述方法，同时也提出在社会和人格心理学领域开展系统性研究的准则。
과학연구적핵심재우이론적건구여험증。기우사회인동화군제관계연구적경험，본문제출료건구여험증심이학이론적사보방법：1）선택현상——관찰아문신변급주위세계소발생적사건；2）심조관건공성——전정불동사건간적공동성빈；3）추상화（이론화）——제취관건공성중잠존적기본심리과정，병장기여이유적혹자최신적이론상련계；4）험증가설——이용실험반복지험증이론。이상사개보취인도착연구자침대현실생활중적사회사건전개과학연구。문장장이등급신빈、신빈패권화교량신빈등연구위례천명상술방법，동시야제출재사회화인격심이학영역개전계통성연구적준칙。
Theory building and testing is the core of scientific investigation. Based upon the lessons we have learned from conducting research in social identity and intergroup relations, we propose a four-step approach in building and testing psychological theories：（1） selecting phenomena： observing events that happen around us and around the world; （2） finding critical commonalities： identifying common components across the different events; （3） abstracting （theorizing）： extracting the underlying psychological processes inform the observed commonalities, and relating the processes to new or existing theories; and （4） hypothesis testing： examining and testing the theories empirically. These four steps allow researchers to base their scientific investigation on real-life social events. We illustrate this four-step approach with examples from our research on hierarchical identity, identity hegemony, and bridging identity/symbol, and we suggest guidelines for conducting programmatic research in social and personality psychology.