应用心理学
應用心理學
응용심이학
Chinese JOurnal of Applied Psychology
2009年
2期
99~105
,共null页
张云帆 周吉帆 冯成志 尹军 王烜 沈模卫
張雲帆 週吉帆 馮成誌 尹軍 王烜 瀋模衛
장운범 주길범 풍성지 윤군 왕훤 침모위
统计属性表征 平均数 众数
統計屬性錶徵 平均數 衆數
통계속성표정 평균수 음수
representation of statistical properties, mean, mode
通过两个实验就视觉系统能否像计算平均数那样高效地计算其他统计量的问题进行了探讨。实验—保持—组圆的平均大小不变而改变众数,考察平均数估计是否受众数变化的影响;实验二采用与实验一相同的刺激,直接考察被试估计众数的绩效。结果发现:(1)对平均数的估计不受总体众数变化的影响;(2)对众数的估计往往不如对平均数的估计准确,估计值受平均数变化的影响;(3)在估计众数的任务中,被试成绩受总体极大值的影响。上述结果表明,视觉系统不存在针对众数的自动化加工机制。根据本实验的结果可以进一步推测,视觉系统并非对所有统计量都可做高效加工,而可能存在针对平均数的特异加工机制。
通過兩箇實驗就視覺繫統能否像計算平均數那樣高效地計算其他統計量的問題進行瞭探討。實驗—保持—組圓的平均大小不變而改變衆數,攷察平均數估計是否受衆數變化的影響;實驗二採用與實驗一相同的刺激,直接攷察被試估計衆數的績效。結果髮現:(1)對平均數的估計不受總體衆數變化的影響;(2)對衆數的估計往往不如對平均數的估計準確,估計值受平均數變化的影響;(3)在估計衆數的任務中,被試成績受總體極大值的影響。上述結果錶明,視覺繫統不存在針對衆數的自動化加工機製。根據本實驗的結果可以進一步推測,視覺繫統併非對所有統計量都可做高效加工,而可能存在針對平均數的特異加工機製。
통과량개실험취시각계통능부상계산평균수나양고효지계산기타통계량적문제진행료탐토。실험—보지—조원적평균대소불변이개변음수,고찰평균수고계시부수음수변화적영향;실험이채용여실험일상동적자격,직접고찰피시고계음수적적효。결과발현:(1)대평균수적고계불수총체음수변화적영향;(2)대음수적고계왕왕불여대평균수적고계준학,고계치수평균수변화적영향;(3)재고계음수적임무중,피시성적수총체겁대치적영향。상술결과표명,시각계통불존재침대음수적자동화가공궤제。근거본실험적결과가이진일보추측,시각계통병비대소유통계량도가주고효가공,이가능존재침대평균수적특이가공궤제。
Our visual system can extract summary statistics from a group of objects, even when the group is outside the focus of attention. Most previous studies focused on the mechanism of computing the mean size of objects, indicating the visual system is able to exact mean size precisely and efficicnt y. However, it is still unknown whether the visual system can also exact other statistics with the same efficiency as the mean value. In the current research,' we put mode size into test, by exploring whether the estimation of mode size could be affected by the change of mean size. Observers were asked to estimate the mean size (Experiment 1 ) and mode size (Experiment 2) of 20 circles presented briefly on the screen.The distribution of size was manipulated to vary the mean size and the mode size. The results show that the mean size estimation was immune to the change in mode size. In contrast, the estimations of mode size were less accurate, and varied with the mean size. Moreover, the mode size was significantly overestimated, especially when the group had more big circles. These results suggest the visual system is not able to extract all summary statistics as efflciently as mean value. The visual system might have a specific mechanism for computing the statistical mean.