CAJ | 학술논문

论文以《围城》和BNC为语料，对比研究了英语和汉语存在句的结构普遍性、存在动词和省略存在句三个问题。对每一个问题都进行了详细的定量描述和深入的认知语法解释。在详细例证的基础上，作者认为，汉语存在句的结构更具有人类语言的普遍性，英语存在句使用there作为替代形式不具备普遍性；汉语存在动词丰富是汉语动词概念化时方向不具体化引起的；而英语存在动词少是因为其动词概念化时方向具体化且具有单一性。英汉省略存在结构揭示了“空间域与时间域的不对称”假设，存在句中的空间域和时间域是不对称的，空间域是无标记的，时间域是有标记的，时间域被包含在空间域之中，故时间域往往被省略。存在句（陈述句）要有一个存在客体空间域，这是由存在句的语用功能决定的，也是存在的本质需要空间域验证的人类基本认知经验的体现。
논문이《위성》화BNC위어료，대비연구료영어화한어존재구적결구보편성、존재동사화성략존재구삼개문제。대매일개문제도진행료상세적정량묘술화심입적인지어법해석。재상세예증적기출상，작자인위，한어존재구적결구경구유인류어언적보편성，영어존재구사용there작위체대형식불구비보편성；한어존재동사봉부시한어동사개념화시방향불구체화인기적；이영어존재동사소시인위기동사개념화시방향구체화차구유단일성。영한성략존재결구게시료“공간역여시간역적불대칭”가설，존재구중적공간역화시간역시불대칭적，공간역시무표기적，시간역시유표기적，시간역피포함재공간역지중，고시간역왕왕피성략。존재구（진술구）요유일개존재객체공간역，저시유존재구적어용공능결정적，야시존재적본질수요공간역험증적인류기본인지경험적체현。
The paper has made a contrastive study over three issues of universality of construction, existential verbs and ellipti- cal existential constructions about the existential constructions in English and Chinese based on the corpora of BNC and Fortress Besieged. Each of the three issues has been quantitatively described and explained from the perspective of Cognitive Grammar. The authors conclude, after detailed illustrations, that the ES construction in Chinese is universal whereas the ES construction in English is not. Secondly, the diversity of existential verbs in Chinese is caused by conceptualization with unspecified direction, while the linguistic fact of fewer diversified existential verbs in English is the consequence of conceptualization with specified direction and unicity. A ＂Space Domain and Time Domain Asymmetry＂ hypothesis is put forth that space domain is un- marked, but time domain is marked upon observing the common ground of the elliptical existential sentences in both languages. The hypothesis assumes that time domain is embodied in space domain and usually omitted in existential sentences, which is determined by pragmatic functions of ES, and an embodiment of the basic cognitive experience that existence of objects needs to be verified by where they actually are.