CAJ | 학술논문

动名兼类或形名兼类应当是某些动词或形容词在特定语言环境下失去了动词或形容词的某些语法功能而具有了名词的某些语法功能。一般语法著作或语法教材只是列举某类词的典型功能,同时又很少指明某项功能是某类词所独有,这就会使兼类词的判断存在一定困难。从语法功能的角度确定词类,划定动形与名兼类应该找出一条或几条析取性的标准,但只要确定了一条,就有与跟这一条标准接近的其他标准,这样推而广之,大多动词、形容词都可以看作兼属名词,如此一来,动形与名兼类的数量就相当大了。动词、形容词到动名词、形名词再到名词的过渡应当是一个连续状态,如果真要做切分,实际上是不容易的。
동명겸류혹형명겸류응당시모사동사혹형용사재특정어언배경하실거료동사혹형용사적모사어법공능이구유료명사적모사어법공능。일반어법저작혹어법교재지시열거모류사적전형공능,동시우흔소지명모항공능시모류사소독유,저취회사겸류사적판단존재일정곤난。종어법공능적각도학정사류,화정동형여명겸류응해조출일조혹궤조석취성적표준,단지요학정료일조,취유여근저일조표준접근적기타표준,저양추이엄지,대다동사、형용사도가이간작겸속명사,여차일래,동형여명겸류적수량취상당대료。동사、형용사도동명사、형명사재도명사적과도응당시일개련속상태,여과진요주절분,실제상시불용역적。
The trans-class verbs,nouns and adjectives have their grammatical functions unlike their original properties in specific contexts.General grammar works only enumerate typical usages of entries,but seldom point out their original categories.Grammatical functions enable the classes of the entries and derivatives to be defined.So after one rule is defined,other rules can be clarified.The number of trans-class verbs,adjectives and nouns is large.The transition from verb and adjective to gerund and noun,should be a continuum,which is not easy to segment.