CAJ | 학술논문

将人类活动对生态系统的作用分为10种可能的类型。其中，未引起生态系统服务变化的人类活动、生态系统破坏行为、不可更新资源开发利用及对具有非公共物品属性的生态系统服务的开发利用不属于生态补偿的范畴。生态补偿通过调节对具有公共物品或准公共物品属性的生态系统服务的作用过程中相关方的利益关系。实现外部效应内部化，以可持续提供生态系统服务。理论上,受损者依据其受损的成本和生态系统服务价值获得补偿；受益者依据其开发生态系统服务的获利或其享用的额外的生态系统服务价值而付费。其中．生态系统服务价值的计算应从总的生态系统服务价值量中区分存量价值和增量价值。从增量价值中区分自然资本和人造资本，从人造资本中提取出外部性价值；受损成本包括直接成本、机会成本和发展成本。实践中往往通过利益相关方的谈判确定最终补偿标准。政府的介入显著提高了生态补偿的运行效率，降低了交易成本，保障了公平和谐，但政府不是生态补偿的利益相关方。政府站在利益相关方之外，有利于更好地发挥政府在生态补偿中的职能。促进生态补偿高质量、高效率地实施。
장인류활동대생태계통적작용분위10충가능적류형。기중，미인기생태계통복무변화적인류활동、생태계통파배행위、불가경신자원개발이용급대구유비공공물품속성적생태계통복무적개발이용불속우생태보상적범주。생태보상통과조절대구유공공물품혹준공공물품속성적생태계통복무적작용과정중상관방적이익관계。실현외부효응내부화，이가지속제공생태계통복무。이론상,수손자의거기수손적성본화생태계통복무개치획득보상；수익자의거기개발생태계통복무적획리혹기향용적액외적생태계통복무개치이부비。기중．생태계통복무개치적계산응종총적생태계통복무개치량중구분존량개치화증량개치。종증량개치중구분자연자본화인조자본，종인조자본중제취출외부성개치；수손성본포괄직접성본、궤회성본화발전성본。실천중왕왕통과이익상관방적담판학정최종보상표준。정부적개입현저제고료생태보상적운행효솔，강저료교역성본，보장료공평화해，단정부불시생태보상적이익상관방。정부참재이익상관방지외，유리우경호지발휘정부재생태보상중적직능。촉진생태보상고질량、고효솔지실시。
Roles of human activities to ecological system can be divided into ten possible types. Human activities, destroy of ecological system and development and utilization of non-reweable resources that have not changed ecological system service and development and utilization of ecological system service with non-public article attribute, are not ecological compensation. Through adjusting relations of stakeholders in ecological system service with public article attribute and quasi-public article attribute, ecological system service realizes interalization of external effect and sustainable utilization of ecological system. Theoretically, sufferer obtains compensation according to the cost of loss and ecological service value. Beneficiary pays according to benefits from developing ecological system service or enjoying extra ecological system service value. When evaluting ecological system service value, ecological system service value can be divided into stock value and incremental value in total ecological system service value. Incremental value can be divided into natural capital and artificial capital. External value is obtained from artifical capital. The cost of loss consists of direct cost, opportunity cost and devlopment cost. The final compensation standard is determined through negotiation of stakeholders in practice. Intervening of government obviously improves running efficiency of ecological compensation, reduces trade cost and ensures equity and harmony. However, government is not the stakeholder of ecological compensation. The government playing a role beyond stakeholds is better to realize its function in ecological compensation, improve ecological compensation quality and improve efficiency of implementaion.