CAJ | 학술논문

英文研究中,＂字优效应＂是单词促进字母加工的一个重要依据。但中文研究中还存在一些争议。本研究通过两个实验考查了汉字的部件认知中,汉字整体对局部（部件）的影响。实验刺激材料分为三种,即左右结构或上下结构的真字、假字与部件字。目标部件为既能够放置于三种字符的左侧,又能放置于右侧（上部或下部）的汉字部件。实验一采用Reicher-Wheeler实验任务,先呈现刺激材料350ms,掩蔽后再呈现需要判断的目标部件,被试对目标部件进行按键反应。实验二中采用部件判断实验任务,先呈现需要判断的目标部件,再呈现刺激材料,被试对刺激材料中是否包含目标部件进行按键反应。记录反应时与正确率。27位健康女性大学生参与本实验。结果显示：（1）不论是Reicher-Wheeler实验任务还是部件判断实验任务,均显示部件字的部件认知判断速度最快。真字与假字相比,无＂字优效应＂。真字与部件字相比,存在着＂字劣效应＂。这些结果表明,汉字整字对汉字部件认知加工起到抑制作用;（2）两个实验任务均表现出汉字结构方式效应,即对左右结构的汉字的部件认知比上下结构的汉字更快;（3）部件的空间位置对部件识别存在影响。实验一中对下部件分辨最困难,分辨时间最长;实验二中发现对左部件的反应最快。字符结构方式效应与部件空间位置效应既存在于真字中,也存在于假字中。
영문연구중,＂자우효응＂시단사촉진자모가공적일개중요의거。단중문연구중환존재일사쟁의。본연구통과량개실험고사료한자적부건인지중,한자정체대국부（부건）적영향。실험자격재료분위삼충,즉좌우결구혹상하결구적진자、가자여부건자。목표부건위기능구방치우삼충자부적좌측,우능방치우우측（상부혹하부）적한자부건。실험일채용Reicher-Wheeler실험임무,선정현자격재료350ms,엄폐후재정현수요판단적목표부건,피시대목표부건진행안건반응。실험이중채용부건판단실험임무,선정현수요판단적목표부건,재정현자격재료,피시대자격재료중시부포함목표부건진행안건반응。기록반응시여정학솔。27위건강녀성대학생삼여본실험。결과현시：（1）불론시Reicher-Wheeler실험임무환시부건판단실험임무,균현시부건자적부건인지판단속도최쾌。진자여가자상비,무＂자우효응＂。진자여부건자상비,존재착＂자렬효응＂。저사결과표명,한자정자대한자부건인지가공기도억제작용;（2）량개실험임무균표현출한자결구방식효응,즉대좌우결구적한자적부건인지비상하결구적한자경쾌;（3）부건적공간위치대부건식별존재영향。실험일중대하부건분변최곤난,분변시간최장;실험이중발현대좌부건적반응최쾌。자부결구방식효응여부건공간위치효응기존재우진자중,야존재우가자중。
The word superiority effect is an important evidence that whole word processing facilitates letter processing in English word recognition. However, such effect still remains controversial in Chinese character recognition. In this study, two experiments were carried out to explore the effect of Chinese whole character recognition over component processing. There was manipulation of three types of stimuli： real characters, pseudo characters and radical characters, only right-left or up-down structures of which are chosen. The target radicals could be placed either at the left or the right （either the up or the down） side of the three types of character stimuli. Reicher-Wheeler task was used in experiment 1. The stimuli were presented for 350ms, followed by a mask for 200ms, then two radicals for 1700ms. The participants were asked to choose the target radical in the two radicals. Radical judgment task was performed in experiment 2. The target radical was presented for 350ms, followed by three types of stimuli. Participants were asked to judge whether the stimuli character contained the target radical or not. The reaction time and the error rate were recorded by the computer. Twenty-seven healthy female college students participated in this study. The results were as the following： 1） In both experiments, the reaction time of radical judgment in the radical character condition was shorter than the real characters and the pseudo characters. Word superiority effect was found in radical characters. Compared with the pseudo characters, no word superiority effect was found in real characters. These findings indicated that Chinese character’s whole recognition blocked radical processing. 2） The reaction time of left-right structure characters was shorter than that of the up-down ones. That is to say, the structure effect was significant in Chinese characters. 3） The spatial position of radicals in a stimulus had a significant influence on radical recognition. The position effect was found across three kinds of characters. The reaction time of the left radicals was the shortest and the reaction time of the down radicals was the longest among four positions in the three types of characters.