CAJ | 학술논문

为考察3-5岁儿童一级观点采择的行为表现与言语报告之间的潜在差异,本研究采用＂单面镜＂范式设计了两个实验。实验1中,54名儿童成对与实验者一起完成观点采择游戏,逻辑回归分析结果表明3-5岁儿童的行为表现不存在显著差异（B=？0.225,Wald=0.38,p=0.541）。方差分析也没有发现儿童的行为表现和言语报告存在差异。由于实验1中的编码系统存在一些局限,并且缺少对儿童偏好的控制,因此在实验2中进行了改进。实验2选择了另外60名3-5岁儿童完成藏玩具游戏。方差分析发现了实验范式类型（行为表现或言语报告）、年龄和性别的三因素交互作用（F（2,48）=3.55,p=0.037,η2=0.13）。结果表明随着年龄增加,男孩与女孩一级观点采择的行为表现都显著提高,而男孩言语报告的提高程度显著低于女孩。总体而言,考察儿童一级观点采择时,行为表现可能比言语报告提供更多信息。
위고찰3-5세인동일급관점채택적행위표현여언어보고지간적잠재차이,본연구채용＂단면경＂범식설계료량개실험。실험1중,54명인동성대여실험자일기완성관점채택유희,라집회귀분석결과표명3-5세인동적행위표현불존재현저차이（B=？0.225,Wald=0.38,p=0.541）。방차분석야몰유발현인동적행위표현화언어보고존재차이。유우실험1중적편마계통존재일사국한,병차결소대인동편호적공제,인차재실험2중진행료개진。실험2선택료령외60명3-5세인동완성장완구유희。방차분석발현료실험범식류형（행위표현혹언어보고）、년령화성별적삼인소교호작용（F（2,48）=3.55,p=0.037,η2=0.13）。결과표명수착년령증가,남해여녀해일급관점채택적행위표현도현저제고,이남해언어보고적제고정도현저저우녀해。총체이언,고찰인동일급관점채택시,행위표현가능비언어보고제공경다신식。
The study aimed to investigate the level 1 perspective-taking of 3 to 5-year-old children and to explore the potential differences between their behavioral and verbal performances. Specifically, Experiment 1 adopted the ＂one-way mirror＂ paradigm to capture the performances of 54 children. Logistic regression analysis showed that children＇s behavioral performances were almost the same across ages （B = ？0.225, Wald = 0.38, p = 0.541）. ANOVA analysis also found that there was no discrepancy between behavioral and verbatim data. Given the limitations of the scoring system and lacking control of natural preference in the behavioral paradigm, we improved it in Experiment 2 by applying a hide-and-seek game to another group of 60 children. Three-way ANOVA analysis indicated significant interaction among task type, age and gender （F （2, 48） = 3.55, p = 0.037, η2 = 0.13）. These results suggested that the behavioral performances improved from 3 to 5-year-olds in both girls and boys, with boy s’ verbal responses improved to a lesser extent than girls’. Taken together, these findings suggested that a behavioral task might provide additional information to tasks designed merely to capture verbal responses when assessing children’s level 1 perspective-taking.