中国人口资源与环境
中國人口資源與環境
중국인구자원여배경
China Polulation.Resources and Environment
2010年
7期
97~101
,共null页
土地承包经营权流转 户籍制度 城乡二元体制 全国社会保障体系
土地承包經營權流轉 戶籍製度 城鄉二元體製 全國社會保障體繫
토지승포경영권류전 호적제도 성향이원체제 전국사회보장체계
the trade market of the fight to land contractual management; household registration system; urban-rural dual structure;nationwide social security system
土地承包经营权物权化的根本意义在于使这一权利作为财产，在市场上自由流转，我国于2007年颁布实施的《物权法》已经为此创造了坚实的制度保障。但是就目前来看，我国初具雏形的土地承包经营权流转仍然存在着外部的制度缺陷。其中，户籍制度作为一套在计划经济体制下建立和完善起来的社会管理制度，严重阻碍土地承包经营权的流转，以至于使得这一制度所应发挥的基本功能被抽空。因此，本文提出以现行户籍制度为核心对当前社会保障体制进行改造，从而为完善土地承包经营权流转制度扫清障碍。最初通过“以土地换社保，变农民为市民”的方法，允许进城农民在放弃土地承包经营权和宅基地使用权的前提下，有资格加入城镇的社会保障体系之中。进而逐步过渡到取消基于户籍限制的城乡二元化模式，逐步构建覆盖全国范围的基本社会保障体系，最终实现土地承包经营权市场化流转制度的基本功能。
土地承包經營權物權化的根本意義在于使這一權利作為財產，在市場上自由流轉，我國于2007年頒佈實施的《物權法》已經為此創造瞭堅實的製度保障。但是就目前來看，我國初具雛形的土地承包經營權流轉仍然存在著外部的製度缺陷。其中，戶籍製度作為一套在計劃經濟體製下建立和完善起來的社會管理製度，嚴重阻礙土地承包經營權的流轉，以至于使得這一製度所應髮揮的基本功能被抽空。因此，本文提齣以現行戶籍製度為覈心對噹前社會保障體製進行改造，從而為完善土地承包經營權流轉製度掃清障礙。最初通過“以土地換社保，變農民為市民”的方法，允許進城農民在放棄土地承包經營權和宅基地使用權的前提下，有資格加入城鎮的社會保障體繫之中。進而逐步過渡到取消基于戶籍限製的城鄉二元化模式，逐步構建覆蓋全國範圍的基本社會保障體繫，最終實現土地承包經營權市場化流轉製度的基本功能。
토지승포경영권물권화적근본의의재우사저일권리작위재산，재시장상자유류전，아국우2007년반포실시적《물권법》이경위차창조료견실적제도보장。단시취목전래간，아국초구추형적토지승포경영권류전잉연존재착외부적제도결함。기중，호적제도작위일투재계화경제체제하건립화완선기래적사회관리제도，엄중조애토지승포경영권적류전，이지우사득저일제도소응발휘적기본공능피추공。인차，본문제출이현행호적제도위핵심대당전사회보장체제진행개조，종이위완선토지승포경영권류전제도소청장애。최초통과“이토지환사보，변농민위시민”적방법，윤허진성농민재방기토지승포경영권화택기지사용권적전제하，유자격가입성진적사회보장체계지중。진이축보과도도취소기우호적한제적성향이원화모식，축보구건복개전국범위적기본사회보장체계，최종실현토지승포경영권시장화류전제도적기본공능。
Being usufi＇uctuary right, the right to land contractual management as a kind of property can be traded in the market. ＂People＇s Republic of China Property Law＂, which was promulgated in 2037, has created the solid protection to this trade system. However, the emerging trade market of this land rights still has external system problems. As the social management institution, the household registration system, which is a product of the planning-market economic system, hinders the market circulation of this right seriously. Therefore, this paper points out that focusing on the existing household registration system, we need to reform the current social security system which is based on the urban-rural dual structure so as to clear the path for the development of the trade market of the right to land contractual management. At the beginning, through the way of ＂changing land rights for social security, making peasants become citizen＂, rural migrant workers can get social security on the premise of giving up their rural land rights. Finally, the urban-rural dual structure should be abolished and a new nationwide social security system should be constructed so that the functions of the trade market of the right to land contractual management can be achieved.
