中国人口资源与环境
中國人口資源與環境
중국인구자원여배경
China Polulation.Resources and Environment
2010年
8期
1~7
,共null页
中国 农业 成就 经验 可持续发展
中國 農業 成就 經驗 可持續髮展
중국 농업 성취 경험 가지속발전
China; agriculture; achievements;experience; sustainable development
新中国成立60年来,我国农业农村发展取得了六大成就:农产品供给方面实现了主要农产品由长期短缺向总量平衡、丰年有余的历史性跨越。依靠自己的力量,用占世界不足9%的耕地成功解决了世界近21%人口的吃饭问题;农业发展方式方面实现了农业发展由粗放型生产向集约化水平不断提高的历史性跨越;在农村经济结构方面,实现了农村经济由第一产业为主向三次产业协调发展的历史性跨越;农民收入方面。实现了农民生活由温饱不足向总体小康的历史性跨越;农村体制机制方面.实现了农村经济制度由自给自足的小农经济向社会主义市场经济的历史性跨越;城乡关系方面,实现了城乡经济社会由二元结构向加快建立城乡一体化体制机制的历史性跨越。此外,农业的对外开放不断深化,逐步形成了全方位、多层次、宽领域的农业对外开放格局。取得的重要经验就是,要坚持把农业、农村、农民问题作为我国的根本性问题,坚持巩固和加强农业基础地位,坚持保障农民物质利益和民主权利。坚持调整不适应生产力发展要求的生产关系,坚持走中国特色农业现代化道路。坚决推进可持续发展。高度重视并认真解决好“三农”问题,极大地调动亿万农民的积极性,极大地解放和发展农村社会生产力,极大地改善广大农民物质文化生活。
新中國成立60年來,我國農業農村髮展取得瞭六大成就:農產品供給方麵實現瞭主要農產品由長期短缺嚮總量平衡、豐年有餘的歷史性跨越。依靠自己的力量,用佔世界不足9%的耕地成功解決瞭世界近21%人口的喫飯問題;農業髮展方式方麵實現瞭農業髮展由粗放型生產嚮集約化水平不斷提高的歷史性跨越;在農村經濟結構方麵,實現瞭農村經濟由第一產業為主嚮三次產業協調髮展的歷史性跨越;農民收入方麵。實現瞭農民生活由溫飽不足嚮總體小康的歷史性跨越;農村體製機製方麵.實現瞭農村經濟製度由自給自足的小農經濟嚮社會主義市場經濟的歷史性跨越;城鄉關繫方麵,實現瞭城鄉經濟社會由二元結構嚮加快建立城鄉一體化體製機製的歷史性跨越。此外,農業的對外開放不斷深化,逐步形成瞭全方位、多層次、寬領域的農業對外開放格跼。取得的重要經驗就是,要堅持把農業、農村、農民問題作為我國的根本性問題,堅持鞏固和加彊農業基礎地位,堅持保障農民物質利益和民主權利。堅持調整不適應生產力髮展要求的生產關繫,堅持走中國特色農業現代化道路。堅決推進可持續髮展。高度重視併認真解決好“三農”問題,極大地調動億萬農民的積極性,極大地解放和髮展農村社會生產力,極大地改善廣大農民物質文化生活。
신중국성립60년래,아국농업농촌발전취득료륙대성취:농산품공급방면실현료주요농산품유장기단결향총량평형、봉년유여적역사성과월。의고자기적역량,용점세계불족9%적경지성공해결료세계근21%인구적흘반문제;농업발전방식방면실현료농업발전유조방형생산향집약화수평불단제고적역사성과월;재농촌경제결구방면,실현료농촌경제유제일산업위주향삼차산업협조발전적역사성과월;농민수입방면。실현료농민생활유온포불족향총체소강적역사성과월;농촌체제궤제방면.실현료농촌경제제도유자급자족적소농경제향사회주의시장경제적역사성과월;성향관계방면,실현료성향경제사회유이원결구향가쾌건립성향일체화체제궤제적역사성과월。차외,농업적대외개방불단심화,축보형성료전방위、다층차、관영역적농업대외개방격국。취득적중요경험취시,요견지파농업、농촌、농민문제작위아국적근본성문제,견지공고화가강농업기출지위,견지보장농민물질이익화민주권리。견지조정불괄응생산력발전요구적생산관계,견지주중국특색농업현대화도로。견결추진가지속발전。고도중시병인진해결호“삼농”문제,겁대지조동억만농민적적겁성,겁대지해방화발전농촌사회생산력,겁대지개선엄대농민물질문화생활。
Since establishing of People's Republic of China, Chinese rural area and agriculture have made achievements in six aspects: In agricultural product supply, main agricultural products changed from long term shortage to equilibrium in total amount and long term surplus, and Chinese large population, nearly 21% of world population are supported by agricultural products from the small cultivated land, less than 9% of world cultivated land area. In agricultural development mode, Chinese agriculture changed from extensive mode of production to intensive mode of production. In structure of agricultural economy, rural economy changed from relying on primary industry to harmonious development of primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry. In farmers' income, farmers' life standard changed from subsistence level to a moderately high standard. In rural institution, Chinese agricultural economic system changed from self-sufficient small-scale farming economy to socialist market economy. In relations of the urban and the rural, economy and society changed from binary structure, a distinct gap to divide a ncral society and a urban society to the integrity of institution of the rural area and the urban area. Besides, foreigh trade of agriculture has improved, and gradually formed comprehensive development of foreign trade of Chinese agriculture. The main experience is that agriculture, the rural area and farmers are essential to Chinese development. The essential position of agriculture should be strengthened, the material interests of farmers and their democratic rights should be ensured. Production relation that does not meet the needs of productivity should be adjusted. Modern agriculture with Chinese characteristics should be upheld. Properly dealing with issues of agriculture, the rural area and farmers can promote development of rural productivity and improve life of farmers.