CAJ | 학술논문

本文目标是定量评估农业灌溉水价对农户用水量的影响。以往研究只考虑灌溉水价对于农户某种节水行为的影响,本文充分考虑在不同的价格水平阶段,农户会在多种节水行为中进行选择,引起用水需求弹性变化,并改变用水量,从而更全面更真实地反应价格水平与农户用水量之间的关系。在农村水价市场健全以及农户理性经济人假设前提下,本文通过建立局部均衡模型进行费用效益分析,研究农户节水行为随着价格水平而发生的变化,并在此基础上构建水价与节水量的关系。本文还结合实证研究的方法,以黑龙江省境内某农场为研究对象,开展实证分析。研究表明,在案例地区,当灌溉水价达到0.04元/m3的时候,水价具备了发挥作用的条件;水价在0.04-0.065元/m3之间的时候,农户开始减少灌溉用水,节水量为135-203 m3/hm2;水价在0.065-0.08元/m3之间的时候,农户开始采用当地的浅湿灌溉的节水技术,节水量为1 400 m3/hm2;水价在0.08-0.1元/m3之间的时候,农户开始采用地下水,节水量为1 400-6 309 m3/hm2;当水价高于0.1元/m3时,农户有水改旱的倾向,节水量为6 390-14 000 m3/hm2。本文所建立的分析方法和框架,不仅适用于案例地区,也为其他灌区的水价和用水量关系研究以及政策制定提供借鉴。
본문목표시정량평고농업관개수개대농호용수량적영향。이왕연구지고필관개수개대우농호모충절수행위적영향,본문충분고필재불동적개격수평계단,농호회재다충절수행위중진행선택,인기용수수구탄성변화,병개변용수량,종이경전면경진실지반응개격수평여농호용수량지간적관계。재농촌수개시장건전이급농호이성경제인가설전제하,본문통과건립국부균형모형진행비용효익분석,연구농호절수행위수착개격수평이발생적변화,병재차기출상구건수개여절수량적관계。본문환결합실증연구적방법,이흑룡강성경내모농장위연구대상,개전실증분석。연구표명,재안례지구,당관개수개체도0.04원/m3적시후,수개구비료발휘작용적조건;수개재0.04-0.065원/m3지간적시후,농호개시감소관개용수,절수량위135-203 m3/hm2;수개재0.065-0.08원/m3지간적시후,농호개시채용당지적천습관개적절수기술,절수량위1 400 m3/hm2;수개재0.08-0.1원/m3지간적시후,농호개시채용지하수,절수량위1 400-6 309 m3/hm2;당수개고우0.1원/m3시,농호유수개한적경향,절수량위6 390-14 000 m3/hm2。본문소건립적분석방법화광가,불부괄용우안례지구,야위기타관구적수개화용수량관계연구이급정책제정제공차감。
The relationship between water price and water-using demand is analyzed quantitatively.Former studies just took one single water-saving practice into consideration.Actually,farmers have several water-saving choices and will take different activities at different water price levels,which leads to the change of water demand elasticity.This paper,under the assumptions that profit maximization is the only target for the choice of farmers＇ behavior and the water property right is clear and water price market is functional in rural area,by setting up partial equilibrium model to conduct a cost-benefit analysis,simulates farmers＇ water-saving behaviors changes under different water price levels and establishes the relations between water price level and the water-using amount.Empirical study is conducted in a stated-owened farm of Baoqing County of Heilongjiang Province,to illustrate how the water-saving actions change as the rising of the water price.Through our investigation,there are four potential water-saving behaviors in this area,which are reducing waterusing amount in the traditional irrigation pattern,choosing water-saving techniques,using both surface and underground water,and switching from paddy to dry crops.In this case study area,only when the agricultural water price meets the supply cost of 0.04 RMB /m3,can farmers react to the rising water price and make some water-saving actions to reduce water-using amount in traditional irrigation pattern at the first beginning,and the water saved is at a range of 135 m3/hm2 and 203 m3/hm2.When the water price rises at 0.065 RMB /m3, farmers will choose water-saving behaviors,and the water-saving amount will be around 1 400 m3 /hm2.When the water price reaches 0.08 RMB/m3,farmers will make use of both surface and underground water for irrigation,and the water-saving amount will range from 1 400 m3/hm2 to 6 309 m3/hm2.The behavior of switching from paddy to dry crops will be conducted when the price ascends to 0.1 RMB/m3,thus the water-saving amount will range from 6 390 m3/hm2 to 14 000 m3/hm2.The analysis framework and method developed in this study can also be applied to analyze the water price impact in other irrigation areas in China.