CAJ | 학술논문

本文对一名1；2—3；7普通话儿童“上、下”两组共六个趋向动词的习得情况作了详尽的追踪考察，包括它们习得的时间序列、产出频率、语义发展规律等，我们发现儿童趋向动词习得在认知发展上反映出“路径→结果→时间”的隐喻投射；在语义发展上，基本上演绎了汉语历时发展上“空间→路径→结果→状态→时间”实义虚化的过程；在语法发展上，体现出“词汇范畴→词汇→语法范畴→语法范畴”的转变。总的看来，儿童的语义一语法发展跟他们的认知发展基本一致，不过语用频率因素可能压倒认知原则从而使某些词义习得违背一般的习得序列，但我们认为这些词义的语用频率之所以高，归根到底还是认知语义决定的。我们的研究支持基于认知功能的语言习得观。
본문대일명1；2—3；7보통화인동“상、하”량조공륙개추향동사적습득정황작료상진적추종고찰，포괄타문습득적시간서렬、산출빈솔、어의발전규률등，아문발현인동추향동사습득재인지발전상반영출“로경→결과→시간”적은유투사；재어의발전상，기본상연역료한어력시발전상“공간→로경→결과→상태→시간”실의허화적과정；재어법발전상，체현출“사회범주→사회→어법범주→어법범주”적전변。총적간래，인동적어의일어법발전근타문적인지발전기본일치，불과어용빈솔인소가능압도인지원칙종이사모사사의습득위배일반적습득서렬，단아문인위저사사의적어용빈솔지소이고，귀근도저환시인지어의결정적。아문적연구지지기우인지공능적어언습득관。
In this paper, we have made a case study of the acquisition of shàng （上） and xià（下）type directional verbs by a child during a period from her 12 months old to 42 months old. Our study includes the time sequence, the output frequency, and the semantic development rules of the acquisition. It is shown in the data that the acquisition of directional verbs has reflected, in children＇ s cognitive development, the metaphor-projecting mechanism of ＇ path→result→time＇ ; In the semantic development, it has basically reflected the process of grammaticalization of ＇ space→path→result→state→time＇ , just like that of the diachronic development of the Chinese language ; and in the grammatical development, it has embodied the process of transition of ＇ lexical categorization →lexico-grammatical categorization →grammatical categorization ＇ Generally speaking the semantic-grammatical development of children is correspondent with their cognitive development, but the factor of the pragmatic frequency may go beyond the cognitive rules. The result of our study supports the usage-based theory of language acquisition theory.