CAJ | 학술논문

本文使用全国数据分析了改革以来中国城镇居民收入差距的总体特征，并基于天津市典型调查数据，应用基尼系数分解方法研究了近20年来城镇居民收入差距的变动轨迹及其影响因素。针对基尼系数的收入构成分解研究显示，工资性收入的分布状况基本上决定了城镇居民收入差距的变动趋势，财产性收入和经营性收入的分配状况趋于相对均等化，转移性收入对总收入差距的平抑作用被大大削弱，社会保障体系在覆盖面扩大的同时可能存在识别和瞄准上的方向性偏误；而从人口特征角度进行的基尼系数分解研究则显示，居民行业差别、就业性质以及受教育程度成为影响城镇居民收入差距最重要的三大因素。
본문사용전국수거분석료개혁이래중국성진거민수입차거적총체특정，병기우천진시전형조사수거，응용기니계수분해방법연구료근20년래성진거민수입차거적변동궤적급기영향인소。침대기니계수적수입구성분해연구현시，공자성수입적분포상황기본상결정료성진거민수입차거적변동추세，재산성수입화경영성수입적분배상황추우상대균등화，전이성수입대총수입차거적평억작용피대대삭약，사회보장체계재복개면확대적동시가능존재식별화묘준상적방향성편오；이종인구특정각도진행적기니계수분해연구칙현시，거민행업차별、취업성질이급수교육정도성위영향성진거민수입차거최중요적삼대인소。
This paper used the national data after reform to analyze the overall characteristics of China＇ s cities income gap, then based on the Tianjin typical survey data used the method of Gini Coefficient Decomposition to research the change path and the influencing factor of cities income gap for near 20 years. Gini coefficient income structure decomposition indicats that： wage income＇ s distributed condition basically decides the tendency of cities income gap change. Property income and managerial income＇ s assignment condition tends to equalization. Transferability income＇ s holding down function to the gross income disparity has been wreaked guish with coverage promotion. The employment nature, greatly, social security system possibly exists bias error to distineducation level and the profession category are the most important three big factors which affect income gap among cities inhabitant. Finally, the article gave the policy suggestion.