CAJ | 학술논문

为了避免负外部性,针对有意引种,应当设计许可证、清单、环境风险影响评估制度及相应的数据库;针对无意引种,就运输、旅游等活动或行业应设立外来物种入侵强制责任保险。为了矫正负外部性,针对有意引种入侵,由引种人承担无过错责任,其责任构成包括引种行为、他人合法权益或环境生态的损害及其之间的因果关系;考虑到有意引种人无法承担巨额的损害赔偿,建议设立相应的外来物种入侵责任保险和责任承担限额制度。不主张让无意引种人承担损害赔偿责任。在无意引种和自然原因引起外来物种入侵的情形,主张设立外来物种入侵的防治基金。涉及生态环境的损害,主张由当地的环境保护主管机构代表行使相应的救济权利。
위료피면부외부성,침대유의인충,응당설계허가증、청단、배경풍험영향평고제도급상응적수거고;침대무의인충,취운수、여유등활동혹행업응설립외래물충입침강제책임보험。위료교정부외부성,침대유의인충입침,유인충인승담무과착책임,기책임구성포괄인충행위、타인합법권익혹배경생태적손해급기지간적인과관계;고필도유의인충인무법승담거액적손해배상,건의설립상응적외래물충입침책임보험화책임승담한액제도。불주장양무의인충인승담손해배상책임。재무의인충화자연원인인기외래물충입침적정형,주장설립외래물충입침적방치기금。섭급생태배경적손해,주장유당지적배경보호주관궤구대표행사상응적구제권리。
In order to avoid ＂externalities＂ ,and in light of intentional introduction of alien species,regulations should be designed on the licensing system,list system,environmental risk assessment and the corresponding database. As for unintentional introduction,mandatory liability insurance against invasion of alien species should be applied to transport,tourism and other activities or trade. In order to rectify ＂externalities＂ ,strict liability should be imposed on intentional introducers of alien species,and the constitution of such liability includes intentional introduction,consequent damages on others＇ legitimate rights and environment and the causal relationship in-between. Considering the intentional introducers can not afford substantial damages,liability insurance and compensation limit should also established. It is not suggested that the unintentional introducers compensate for damages. The environmental funds for preventing and controlling alien species invasion should be set up in case of unintentional introduction and other natural causes. Besides,local supervisory departments for environmental protection shall exercise the relevant rights to remedies.