CAJ | 학술논문

本文利用实验经济学的研究方法探讨了在公共产品自愿捐献中个人的社会偏好的异质性与合作捐献行为的关系问题。从个体的异质性的社会偏好出发,依据个体捐献策略的差别确定了参与者的四种类型：具有互惠偏好的条件合作者、具有利他主义观念的积极合作者、利己型非合作者、具有长远目标的利己主义的策略型合作者。研究发现,私人边际回报率和交流两大控制因素分别对具有不同社会偏好倾向的捐献者的个人自愿捐献水平有较大的影响：私人边际回报率主要通过两种方式促进合作捐献,一是促使各类参与者增加首次或多次捐献额度,也就是移动捐献路径或改变路径斜率（增大条件合作的系数）;二是某些参与者会因为私人边际回报率的增加而根本地改变捐献路径,即发生＂转型＂。而面对面的交流则有助于消除不确定性,帮助在从非合作博弈转向合作博弈之后维持持续性合作均衡。
본문이용실험경제학적연구방법탐토료재공공산품자원연헌중개인적사회편호적이질성여합작연헌행위적관계문제。종개체적이질성적사회편호출발,의거개체연헌책략적차별학정료삼여자적사충류형：구유호혜편호적조건합작자、구유이타주의관념적적겁합작자、이기형비합작자、구유장원목표적이기주의적책략형합작자。연구발현,사인변제회보솔화교류량대공제인소분별대구유불동사회편호경향적연헌자적개인자원연헌수평유교대적영향：사인변제회보솔주요통과량충방식촉진합작연헌,일시촉사각류삼여자증가수차혹다차연헌액도,야취시이동연헌로경혹개변로경사솔（증대조건합작적계수）;이시모사삼여자회인위사인변제회보솔적증가이근본지개변연헌로경,즉발생＂전형＂。이면대면적교류칙유조우소제불학정성,방조재종비합작박혁전향합작박혁지후유지지속성합작균형。
Based on the approach of experimental economics,this paper discusses the relationship between heterogeneous social preferences of individuals and their cooperative contribution behaviors.Firstly,taking into account the prevalent phenomenon of individual heterogeneity in contributing behavior and strategy,we identify four types of players according to their strategy patterns.Among them,conditional cooperators （CC） make contribution decisions according to others’ behaviors;positive cooperators （PC） contribute positively in most parts of the entire periods;non-cooperators （NC） contribute little;strategic cooperators （SC） pretend to be conditional cooperators or positive cooperators before finally behaving as non-cooperators in the latter periods.Secondly,following this line,we construct an analytical framework to analyze the contributing behavior of individuals,in which four strategy paths are derived from a generalized utility function.And the hypothesis is to some degree supported by empirical evidence.Finally,we find that increasing the marginal benefit of public investment （marginal per capita rate of return,MPCR） and improving communication among the public could affect the social preferences of individuals and their contribution strategies,so that the degree of voluntary cooperation will be enhanced.